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. 2019 Mar 19;13:52. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00052

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Copyright © 2019 Lee, Goodwin, Freitas and Beery.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Meadow vole stranger-directed behavior during 10-min social interaction tests. Cohoused SD meadow voles are the same individuals as in Figure 1, but analyzed for full testing intervals to compare to other meadow vole groups. (A) There were significant group differences in pro-social contact (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001). Cohoused SD meadow voles showed higher pro-social contact than cohoused long day (LD) meadow voles. Cohoused SD meadow voles showed higher pro-social contact than solo-housed SD meadow voles. (B) There were significant group differences in olfactory investigation (sniffing; one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Cohoused SD meadow voles showed higher sniffing than solo-housed SD meadow voles. (C) There were no significant group differences in aggression score across meadow vole groups. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0005.