Table 2.
Summary of the Hindi case particles examined in this study.
| Particle | -ne | -ko1 | -ko2 | -ko3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m-case | Ergative | Accusative | Dative | Dative |
| Grammatical relation | Subject | Direct object | Indirect object | Subject |
| Thematic role | Agent | Patient/theme | Goal/beneficiary | Experiencer |
| Syntactic features | + Subject + Oblique | - Subject + Oblique +α | - Subject + Oblique - α | + Subject + Oblique |
| Semantic features | + Perfective + volitionality | + Human + Specific | - Perfective | |
| Case valued in1 | Perfective T | Transitive V | Ditransitive V | Lexical V |
There are other case markers, such as instrumental -se, genitive -k and locative meN/par. 1This is according to Keine (2007).