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. 2019 Mar 19;10:461. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00461

Table 2.

Summary of the Hindi case particles examined in this study.

Particle -ne -ko1 -ko2 -ko3
m-case Ergative Accusative Dative Dative
Grammatical relation Subject Direct object Indirect object Subject
Thematic role Agent Patient/theme Goal/beneficiary Experiencer
Syntactic features + Subject + Oblique - Subject + Oblique +α - Subject + Oblique - α + Subject + Oblique
Semantic features + Perfective + volitionality + Human + Specific - Perfective
Case valued in1 Perfective T Transitive V Ditransitive V Lexical V

There are other case markers, such as instrumental -se, genitive -k and locative meN/par. 1This is according to Keine (2007).