Table 1.
Prospective pediatric studies assessing pituitary deficiency 1 year after TBI.
| Source | N | GCS | Pit. def (%) | GHD (%) | GHD test | ACTH def (%) | ACTH axis test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Einaudi et al. (5) | 20 | ≤15 | 5 | 5 | GHRH/O.S GH | 0 | Gluc. test |
| Kaulfers et al. (15) | 31 | ≤12 | 29 | 5 | Arg/O.S GH | 0 | Low dosage ACTH test |
| Norwood et al. (16) | 32 | 25 | 16 | Arg-gluc/O.S GH | 19 | Bas. cort | |
| Aimaretti et al. (17) | 23 | ≤15 | 30 | 30 | GHRH–Arg | 13 | Bas. Cort/UFC |
| Jourdan et al. (18) | 27 | ≤12 | 4 | NA | 0 | Bas. cort | |
| Ulutabanca et al. (19) | 41 | ≤15 | 13 | 9 | GHRH-arg | 5 | Bas. cort |
| Casano-Sancho et al. (4) | 23 | ≤15+skull fracture | NA | 39 | Gluc/clonidine | 13 | Glucagon |
| Personnier et al. (20) | 87 | ≤8 | 36 | 27 | Gluc-betax/Arg-insulin | 1 | ACTH test |
| Krahulik et al. (21) | 58 | ≤12 | 18 | 5 | L dopa or ITT | 3 | Bas. cort /ITT |
N, number; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; Pit Def, Pituitary deficiency; def, deficiency; OS GH, overnight spontaneous GH; Arg, Arginine; gluc, glucagon; betax, Betaxolol; ITT, insulin tolerance test; Bas. Cort, basal cortisol 8 a.m.