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. 2019 Mar 19;10:149. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00149

Table 1.

Prospective pediatric studies assessing pituitary deficiency 1 year after TBI.

Source N GCS Pit. def (%) GHD (%) GHD test ACTH def (%) ACTH axis test
Einaudi et al. (5) 20 ≤15 5 5 GHRH/O.S GH 0 Gluc. test
Kaulfers et al. (15) 31 ≤12 29 5 Arg/O.S GH 0 Low dosage ACTH test
Norwood et al. (16) 32 25 16 Arg-gluc/O.S GH 19 Bas. cort
Aimaretti et al. (17) 23 ≤15 30 30 GHRH–Arg 13 Bas. Cort/UFC
Jourdan et al. (18) 27 ≤12 4 NA 0 Bas. cort
Ulutabanca et al. (19) 41 ≤15 13 9 GHRH-arg 5 Bas. cort
Casano-Sancho et al. (4) 23 ≤15+skull fracture NA 39 Gluc/clonidine 13 Glucagon
Personnier et al. (20) 87 ≤8 36 27 Gluc-betax/Arg-insulin 1 ACTH test
Krahulik et al. (21) 58 ≤12 18 5 L dopa or ITT 3 Bas. cort /ITT

N, number; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; Pit Def, Pituitary deficiency; def, deficiency; OS GH, overnight spontaneous GH; Arg, Arginine; gluc, glucagon; betax, Betaxolol; ITT, insulin tolerance test; Bas. Cort, basal cortisol 8 a.m.