Table 3.

Mean SAT CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell CD69 expression according to glucose tolerance.

T cell subset	Non-diabetic n = 9	Pre-diabetic n = 8	Diabetic n = 9	p-Value*
Total CD4+ T cells	7.5%	10.9%	17.2%	0.004
CD4 TNAIVE	0.6%	1.1%	2.0%	0.03
CD4 TCENTRAL MEMORY	5.9%	7.8%	11.9%	0.02
CD4 TEFFECTOR MEMORY	14.7%	18.2%	22.3%	0.04
CD4 ${\text{T}}_{\text{EFFECTOR MEMORY R}{\text{A}}^{+}}$	4.9%	8.9%	7.3%	0.04
Total CD8+ T cells	5.4%	6.2%	10.0%	0.09
TNAIVE	1.5%	0.6%	4.2%	0.28
TCENTRAL MEMORY	6.9%	5.5%	12.8%	0.45
TEFFECTOR MEMORY	11.9%	9.3%	17.0%	0.19
${\text{T}}_{\text{EFFECTOR MEMORY R}{\text{A}}^{+}}$	5.0%	5.7%	9.0%	0.12

^*Univariable linear regression. The association of total CD4⁺ T cell CD69 expression with progressive glucose intolerance was robust to adjustment for BMI (p = 0.03) and to age (p = 0.01) in separate models.

The bolded values are p-values <0.05, indicating statistical significance.