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. 2019 Jan 25;23(4):2568–2582. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14147

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Brain homogenate‐induced expression of costimulatory molecules and inflammatory factors in BV‐2 cells. BV‐2 cells were maintained in control medium, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 500 ng/mL, or brain homogenates (50 μg/mL) from saline‐ or 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐injected AQP4+/+ or AQP4−/− mice for 24 h. A, Cells were separately stained with anti‐MHCII‐PE, anti‐CD80‐PE, and anti‐CD40‐PE. FACScan profiles from a representative experiment are shown. B, Histograms are expressed as the percentage of MHCII (CD80 or CD40) positive cells in the total cell population. Representative histograms were obtained by flow cytometry analysis. C, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) mRNA levels were determined with Quantitative real‐time PCR (Qrt‐PCR).The transcript levels for each cytokine in BV‐2 cells were normalized to the level in BV‐2 treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). D, Protein levels were determined by ELISA. Data were from five mice per group and are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with PBS; +P < 0.05 compared with saline‐injected AQP4+/+ mice; #P < 0.05 compared with saline‐injected AQP4−/− mice; &P < 0.05 compared with MPTP‐injected AQP4+/+ mice