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. 2019 Mar 25;9:5055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41504-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association of DDC genetic variant Arg462Gln (rs11575542) with DA excretion and renal function. Results are shown as mean ± SEM in twins/siblings. Numbers are in parentheses (n) indicate the n for the observation. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are in bold. (A) Pleiotropic effects on urine DA excretion, p = 3.68E-05, and eGFR, p = 0.032. Minor allele homozygotes Gln/Gln (A/A) and heterozygous Arg/Gln (G/A) subjects displayed increased eGFR and urine DA excretion compared to homozygous major allele Arg/Arg (G/G) subjects. (B) Pleiotropic effects on FELi+ (p = 0.008) and urine albumin excretion (p = 0.033). Minor allele homozygotes (Gln/Gln, A/A) and heterozygotes (Arg/Gln, G/A) displayed increased FELi+, as well as urine albumin excretion, compared to major allele homozygotes (Arg/Arg, G/G).