Table 3.
Urine dopamine quantiles: Effects on demographic, biochemical and physiological traits.
| Traits | Urine dopamine quantiles (median) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower: <153.8 µg/g | Upper: •153.8 µg/g | ||||||
| n | Mean | SEM | n | Mean | SEM | ||
| Demographic and Physical | |||||||
| Age, years | 185 | 40.3 | 1.2 | 188 | 39.4 | 1.2 | |
| Sex: 1 = M, 2 = F (M/F) | 185 | 66/119 | 188 | 19/169 | 3.00E-05 | ||
| BP status, NT/HTN (%) | 185 | 171/14 (92%/8%) | 188 | 168/20 (89%/11%) | 2.95E-01 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 184 | 24.7 | 0.31 | 184 | 24.8 | 0.31 | 7.57E-01 |
| Biochemical | |||||||
| Catecholamines | |||||||
| Urine dopamine, µg/g | 185 | 121.9 | 3.35 | 185 | 206.1 | 3.33 | <1.0E-06 |
| Urine norepinephrine, µg/g | 185 | 24.7 | 0.75 | 182 | 31.6 | 0.76 | <1.0E-06 |
| Urine epinephrine, µg/g | 182 | 10.8 | 0.42 | 182 | 14.8 | 0.41 | <1.0E-06 |
| Plasma dopamine, pg/ml | 173 | 19.9 | 2.07 | 176 | 21.9 | 2.05 | 5.20E-02 |
| Plasma norepinephrine, pg/ml | 175 | 307.2 | 11.1 | 175 | 332.5 | 11.1 | 2.32E-01 |
| Plasma epinephrine, pg/ml | 178 | 25.2 | 1.23 | 176 | 26.6 | 1.24 | 5.60E-01 |
| Renin–angiotensin system | |||||||
| Plasma renin, pg/ml | 176 | 19.6 | 1.18 | 182 | 19.3 | 1.16 | 9.97E-01 |
| Plasma aldosterone, pg/ml | 177 | 139.2 | 5.59 | 178 | 127.9 | 5.57 | 1.94E-01 |
| Inflammation | |||||||
| C reactive protein, ng/ml | 167 | 1648.6 | 184.0 | 178 | 2117.0 | 178.0 | 4.40E-01 |
| Kidney and urine | |||||||
| Urine albumin excretion, mg/g | 181 | 8.87 | 1.93 | 186 | 10.31 | 1.91 | 6.27E-01 |
| eGFR (MDRD), ml/min | 178 | 87.8 | 1.61 | 181 | 96.2 | 1.60 | 9.00E-03 |
| Urine K+, mEq/g | 185 | 64.3 | 2.44 | 186 | 73.4 | 2.43 | 1.90E-02 |
| Urine Na+, mEq/g | 185 | 115.9 | 5.12 | 186 | 150.9 | 5.12 | <1.0E-06 |
| Urine Cl−, mEq/g | 184 | 135.2 | 5.36 | 183 | 170.1 | 5.32 | <1.0E-06 |
| Urine cortisol, μg/g | 132 | 4.34 | 0.25 | 145 | 3.78 | 0.24 | 2.75E-01 |
| Urine nitric oxide, nmol/g | 177 | 1035.7 | 54.2 | 181 | 1213.8 | 53.6 | 8.70E-02 |
| FELi+, % | 120 | 24.8 | 4.44 | 140 | 24.1 | 4.09 | 4.47E-01 |
| FENa+, % | 161 | 1.59 | 0.19 | 163 | 2.23 | 0.19 | 1.90E-02 |
| Physiological | |||||||
| Hemodynamics | |||||||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 170 | 122.6 | 0.99 | 177 | 123.1 | 0.86 | 5.19E-01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 171 | 76.3 | 0.64 | 178 | 93.7 | 0.83 | 4.55E-01 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 178 | 60.1 | 0.79 | 182 | 69.9 | 0.86 | 4.55E-01 |
Results for twin/sibling study population, divided about the median value for urine DA excretion. Descriptive (mean ± SEM) and inferential statistics (p-values) for twins/siblings were derived from generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for correlations within nuclear families. Numbers (n) describes the number of individuals analyzed. BP indicates blood pressure; NT, normotensive; HTN, hypertensive; CRP, C reactive protein; eGFR MDRD, estimated GFR; FELi+, fractional excretion of lithium; FENa+, fractional excretion of Na+; NO, nitric oxide; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; SV resistance, systemic vascular resistance. Significant differences (P <0.05) are in bold type.