Fig. 4.

Electrochemical performance of Li|Cu cells with GO-g-PAM@PP and PP separators. a Coulombic efficiencies of Li|Cu cells with GO-g-PAM@PP and PP separators with a cycling capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻² at various current densities. Voltage profiles of Li plating/stripping processes in Li|Cu cells with (b) GO-g-PAM@PP and (c) PP separators with a cycling capacity of 1 mAh cm⁻² at 0.5 mA cm⁻². d Average Coulombic efficiency of a Li|Cu cell with GO-g-PAM@PP separator tested with a current density of 1 mA cm⁻², compared with that of previously reported asymmetric cells with Li metal anodes stabilized by various strategies