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. 2019 Mar 25;9:5037. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41661-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pyramidal cells in mPFC undergo rapid growth during the second postnatal week. (a) Example morphologies of L3 and L5 pyramidal cells from all three age groups. (b) Total dendritic length increases between week 1 and week 2 for cells from both layer 3 (F(2,19) = 15.34, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001) and layer 5 (F(2,24) = 93.65, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001). (c) There is no difference in the overall number of dendritic segments between weeks 1 and 4 (L3, χ²(2) = 4.75, p = 0.093; L5, χ²(2) = 2.52, p = 0.283). (d) Total apical dendritic length increases between weeks 1 and 2 in both layers (L3, F(2,19) = 8.26, p = 0.003; post-hoc w1-w2, p = 0.028; L5, H(2) = 11.66, p = 0.003; post-hoc w1-w2, p = 0.016). (e) Total length of all basal dendrites combined increases between 1 and 2 weeks in both layers (L3, F(2,19) = 9.16, p = 0.002; post-hoc w1-w2, p = 0.002; L5, F(2,26) = 20.36, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001).