Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Mar 25;9:5037. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41661-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Dendritic spine densities show a similar developmental pattern across layers. (a) Example image of apical dendrite of a p14 L5 cell, showing mushroom (arrow), thin (closed arrowhead) and filopodium-like spines (open arrowhead). Scale bar 2 µm. (b) Development of apical spine densities (L3, F(2,23) = 37.37, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001, w2-w4, p = 0.034; L5, F(2,21) = 23.53, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001, w2-w4, ns). (c) Within-age-group comparisons of data in b. Apical spine density is higher in L3 neurons at both 2 and 4 weeks (w1, t(14) = 0.89, p = 0.387; w2, t(15) = 2.53, p = 0.023; w4, t(15) = 3.543, p = 0.003). (d) Example image of basal dendrite of a p14 L5 cell. Scale bar 2 µm. (e) Development of basal spine densities (L3, F(2,24) = 64.36, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001, w2-w4, p < 0.001; L5, F(2,24) = 42.95, p < 0.001; post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001, w2-w4, p = 0.006). (f) Within-age-group comparisons of data in e. Basal spine density is higher in L3 only at 4 weeks (w1, M-W U = 33, p = 0.815; w2, t(14) = 1.19, p = 0.255; w4, t(19) = 2.55, p = 0.020). (g) Quantification of perisomatic inhibitory synapses. Scale bar 5 µm. (g’) shows, from top to bottom, delineation of the soma, high magnification composite fluorescence image, and mask of thresholded image. Arrowheads indicate perisomatic synapses. Scale bar 1 µm. (h) The density of perisomatic inhibitory synapses increases during development in both layers (L3, H = 56.47, p < 0.001, post-hoc w1-w2, p = 0.022, w2-w4, p < 0.001; L5, H = 64.8, p < 0.001, post-hoc w1-w2, p < 0.001, w2-w4, p < 0.001). (i) The density of inhibitory synapses is higher in L5 neurons than L3 neurons at 2 weeks (w1, M-W U = 846, p = 0.638; w2, t(56) = 2.34, p = 0.023; w4, t(50) = 0.38, p = 0.708).