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Main structures of chimeric antigen receptors. Three generations of CAR structures. In the first generation of CARs, the binding domain (single chain antibody fragment, scFv) is linked to the signaling domain (CD3ζ) via the transmembrane domain. In the second generation of CARs, the costimulatory molecule (CM1, such as CD28 4-1BB or OX-40) is introduced with the signaling domain (CD3ζ). In the third generation of CARs, the additional costimulatory molecule (CM2) is included.
