Table 1.
Fixed effects estimates (top) and standard deviations of random parameters (bottom) for models of the predictors of music selection.
| Parameter | Calming— | Slow—fast | Sad—happy | Less melodic— | Less rhythmic— | Simple— | Peaceful— | Less intense— |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exciting | very melodic | very rhythmic | complex | aggressive | very intense | |||
| FIXED EFFECTS | ||||||||
| Intercept | 4.15 (0.06)*** | 4.11 (0.06)*** | 2.45 (0.05)*** | 4.93 (0.06)*** | 4.58 (0.07)*** | 4.00 (0.06)*** | 3.26 (0.05)*** | 3.53 (0.06)*** |
| Level 1 (situational) | ||||||||
| Time | 0.03 (0.02) | |||||||
| Time2 | >−0.01 (< 0.01) | |||||||
| Mood | ||||||||
| Valence | 0.14 (0.02)*** | |||||||
| Arousal | 0.11 (0.01)*** | 0.05 (0.01)*** | 0.06 (0.01)*** | 0.04 (0.02)* | ||||
| Importance of mood | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | ||||||
| Attention | 0.14 (0.02)*** | 0.07 (0.02)*** | −0.04 (0.02)* | 0.08 (0.02)*** | 0.14 (0.02)*** | |||
| Activitya | ||||||||
| Pure music listening | −0.18 (0.06)** | 0.07 (0.06) | ||||||
| Housework | −0.12 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.07)* | ||||||
| Working & studying | −0.17 (0.07)* | 0.03 (0.07) | ||||||
| Coping with emotions | −0.53 (0.16)*** | −0.03 (0.15) | ||||||
| Exercise | −0.68(0.14)*** | 0.16 (0.14) | ||||||
| Social activity | −0.11 (0.10) | 0.12 (0.10) | ||||||
| Party | −0.70 (0.26)* | −0.29 (0.26) | ||||||
| Making Music | 0.15 (0.17) | −0.35 (0.17)* | ||||||
| Relaxing & falling asleep | −0.06 (0.11) | −0.19 (0.11) | ||||||
| Personal hygiene | −0.15 (0.12) | 0.03 (0.11) | ||||||
| Other activities | −0.10 (0.12) | 0.17 (0.12) | ||||||
| Presence of othersb | ||||||||
| Others present & no interaction | −0.06 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.05) | ||||||
| Others present & interaction | 0.03 (0.07) | −0.25 (0.06)*** | ||||||
| Functions of music listenning | ||||||||
| Intellectual stimulation | −0.23 (0.02)*** | −0.23 (0.02)*** | −0.19 (0.02)*** | 0.20 (0.02)*** | 0.36 (0.02)*** | −0.15 (0.02)*** | 0.24 (0.02)*** | |
| Mind wandering & emotional involvement | −0.08 (0.02)*** | −0.10 (0.02)*** | 0.12 (0.02)*** | −0.14 (0.02)*** | 0.12 (0.02)*** | |||
| Motor synchronization & enhanced well-being | 0.52 (0.02)*** | 0.47 (0.02)*** | 0.44 (0.02)*** | −0.06 (0.02)** | 0.33 (0.02)*** | 0.32 (0.02)*** | 0.04 (0.02)* | |
| Updating ones musical knowledge | −0.09 (0.02)*** | −0.08 (0.02)*** | ||||||
| Killing time & overcoming loneliness | −0.05 (0.02)* | −0.12 (0.02)*** | −0.06 (0.02)* | |||||
| Level 2 (person-related) | ||||||||
| Mood | ||||||||
| Valence | 0.22 (0.06)*** | |||||||
| Presence of othersb | ||||||||
| Others present & no interaction | 0.62 (0.26)* | |||||||
| Others present & interaction | 0.09 (0.34) | |||||||
| Intensity of music preference | ||||||||
| Musical taste | ||||||||
| Rock & Metal | 0.02 (0.04) | |||||||
| Functions of music listenning | ||||||||
| Intellectual stimulation | −0.20 (0.06)** | 0.21 (0.07)** | ||||||
| Mind wandering & emotional involvement | −0.08 (0.06) | 0.20 (0.06)** | ||||||
| Motor synchronization & enhanced well-being | 0.43 (0.06)*** | |||||||
| Updating ones musical knowledge | −0.23 (0.07)** | |||||||
| Killing time & overcoming loneliness | ||||||||
| RANDOM PARAMETERS | ||||||||
| Level 2 (SD) | ||||||||
| Intercept/intercept | 0.64*** | 0.54*** | 0.46*** | 0.64*** | 0.76*** | 0.58*** | 0.50*** | 0.53*** |
Analysis step D (see text for details).
Standard error in parentheses. SD = standard deviation.
Based on a total of 2,674 daily life assessment from N = 119 participants. The table only includes predictors that at least have been selected in one of the eight models. For a full list of included variables in the selection process of the percentile-Lasso see equations 1 and 2.
a
Activity comprised 12 categories, reference category: being on the move.
b
Presence of others comprised 3 categories, reference category: alone.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.