Table 3.
Fixed effects estimates (top) and standard deviations of random parameters (bottom) for models of the predictors of music selection.
| Parameter | Calming— | Slow—fast | Sad—happy | Less melodic— | Less rhythmic— | Simple— | Peaceful— | Less intense— |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exciting | very melodic | very rhythmic | complex | aggressive | very intense | |||
| FIXED EFFECTS | ||||||||
| Intercept | 4.15 (0.06)*** | 4.12 (0.05)*** | 2.47 (0.36)*** | 4.93 (0.06)*** | 4.58 (0.07)*** | 4.00 (0.06)*** | 3.27 (0.05)*** | 3.53 (0.27)*** |
| Level 1 (situational) | ||||||||
| Time | 0.02 (0.02) | |||||||
| Time2 | >−0.01 (< 0.01) | |||||||
| Mood | ||||||||
| Valence | 0.12 (0.02)*** | |||||||
| Arousal | 0.11 (0.02)*** | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02)** | 0.04 (0.02)* | ||||
| Importance of mood | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | ||||||
| Attention | 0.14 (0.03)*** | 0.07 (0.02)** | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.03)** | 0.14 (0.02)*** | |||
| Activitya | ||||||||
| Pure music listening | −0.21 (0.10)* | 0.05 (0.07) | ||||||
| Housework | −0.19 (0.10)* | 0.09 (0.09) | ||||||
| Working & studying | −0.23 (0.10)* | 0.01 (0.08) | ||||||
| Coping with emotions | −0.59 (0.22)* | 0.01 (0.17) | ||||||
| Exercise | −0.71 (0.17)*** | 0.13 (0.15) | ||||||
| Social activity | −0.15 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.10) | ||||||
| Party | −0.60 (0.33) | −0.47 (0.29) | ||||||
| Making Music | −0.10 (0.21) | −0.50 (0.22)* | ||||||
| Relaxing & falling asleep | −0.10 (0.12) | −0.16 (0.10) | ||||||
| Personal hygiene | −0.16 (0.13) | −0.03 (0.11) | ||||||
| Other activities | −0.12 (0.11) | 0.11 (0.09) | ||||||
| Presence of othersb | ||||||||
| Others present & no interaction | −0.09 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.07) | ||||||
| Others present & interaction | >−0.01 (0.08) | −0.21 (0.08)* | ||||||
| Functions of music listening | ||||||||
| Intellectual stimulation | −0.21 (0.04)*** | −0.22 (0.04)*** | −0.16 (0.04)*** | 0.21 (0.04)*** | 0.33 (0.04)*** | −0.12 (0.04)** | 0.24 (0.04)*** | |
| Mind wandering & emotional involvement | −0.07 (0.03)* | −0.09 (0.03)** | 0.12 (0.02)*** | −0.14 (0.03)*** | 0.13 (0.03)*** | |||
| Motor synchronization & enhanced well-being | 0.52 (0.04)*** | 0.48 (0.03)*** | 0.44 (0.03)*** | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.34 (0.03)*** | 0.32 (0.04)*** | 0.08 (0.03)** | |
| Updating ones musical knowledge | −0.09 (0.03)** | −0.05 (0.03) | ||||||
| Killing time & overcoming loneliness | −0.06 (0.03) | −0.09 (0.03)* | −0.04 (0.03) | |||||
| Level 2 (person-related) | ||||||||
| Mood | ||||||||
| Valence | 0.22 (0.06)*** | |||||||
| Presence of othersb | ||||||||
| Others present & no interaction | 0.62 (0.26)* | |||||||
| Others present & interaction | 0.09 (0.33) | |||||||
| Intensity of music preference | ||||||||
| Musical taste | ||||||||
| Rock & Metal | 0.02 (0.04) | |||||||
| Functions of music listening | ||||||||
| Intellectual stimulation | −0.21 (0.06)** | 0.21 (0.07)** | ||||||
| Mind wandering & emotional involvement | −0.07 (0.06) | 0.20 (0.06)** | ||||||
| Motor synchronization & enhanced well-being | 0.43 (0.06)*** | |||||||
| Updating ones musical knowledge | −0.23 (0.07)** | |||||||
| Killing time & overcoming loneliness | ||||||||
| RANDOM PARAMETERS | ||||||||
| Level 2 (SD) | ||||||||
| Intercept/intercept | 0.57*** | 0.50*** | 0.44*** | 0.63*** | 0.73*** | 0.56*** | 0.45*** | 0.53*** |
| Valence/valence | < 0.01 | |||||||
| Arousal/arousal | 0.07 | 0.12* | < 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||
| Attention/attention | 0.17*** | 0.11 | 0.10* | 0.10 | 0.13*** | |||
| Pure music listening/pure music listening | 0.34 | |||||||
| Household/household | 0.31* | |||||||
| Working & studying/working & studying | 0.37* | |||||||
| Coping with emotions/coping with emotions | 0.53 | |||||||
| Exercise/exercise | < 0.01 | |||||||
| Party/party | < 0.01 | |||||||
| Making music/making music | 0.43 | |||||||
| Others present & interaction/others present & interaction | < 0.01 | |||||||
| Intellectual stimulation/intellectual stimulation | 0.16 | 0.18** | 0.24*** | 0.25*** | 0.28*** | 0.14 | 0.28*** | |
| Mind wandering & emotional involvement/mind wandering & emotional involvement | 0.18*** | 0.17*** | 0.07 | 0.14** | 0.12* | |||
| Motor synchronization & enhanced well-being/motor synchronization & enhanced well-being | 0.22*** | 0.20*** | 0.21*** | 0.20*** | 0.21*** | 0.20*** | 0.13** | |
| Updating ones musical knowledge/updating ones musical knowledge | 0.13* | 0.17*** | ||||||
| Killing time & overcoming loneliness/killing time & overcoming loneliness | 0.11 | 0.11 | < 0.01 | |||||
Models Include Random Slopes.
Standard error in parentheses. SD = standard deviation.
Based on a total of 2,674 daily life assessment from N = 119 participants. The table only includes predictors that at least have been selected in one of the eight models. Predictors were selected by the percentile-Lasso (see data analysis fordetails).
a
Activity comprised 12 categories, reference category: being on the move.
b
Presence of others comprised 3 categories, reference category: alone.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.