FIG 2.

Myd88 controls early pulmonary cytokine responses to Y. pestis. Groups of 5 to 6 C57BL/6 (filled bars) or Myd88^−/− (open bars) mice were challenged by intranasal infection with 2,000 CFU of Y. pestis CO92. On day 2 postinfection, mice were euthanized, and lungs and blood were collected for analysis of the following cytokines: IL-6 (A), IFN-γ (B), TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D), IL-10 (E), RANTES (F), IFN-β (G), IL-1α (H), KC (I), and MIP2 (J). Data were collected in 2 independent trials; n = 10 WT mice; n = 11 Myd88^−/− mice. Bars represent standard errors. nd, not detected. Combined data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, with lungs and serum analyzed independently. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; NS, not significant.