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. 2019 Mar 25;9:5082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41663-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean changes in CKD stages of subjects from 2009 to 2016. G1 to G3b and (−) to (2+) are GFR categories of CKD stages and proteinuria grades, respectively. Colors of cells mean low (green), moderately increased (yellow), high (orange), and very high risks (red) as the KDIGO prognostic categories of CKD. Arrows show the mean direction of changes in CKD stages of participants from 2009 to 2016. A red line surrounds CKD stages with high risks. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.