Table 2.
Biomarkers, before and after experimental protocols
| Markers | CNT | APN‐S | APN‐D | SCU‐D | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | ||
| Cortisol (μmol/L) | 0.21 ± 0.16 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.07 | 0.35 ± 0.09 * | 0.18 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.12 |
| Copeptin (ng/mL) | 6.62 ± 1.9 | 5.4 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 3.2* | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 9.7 ± 4.5* | 6.02 ± 2.1 | 3.96 ± 1.3* |
| IMA (AU) | 87.1 ± 7.6 | 86.2 ± 7.4 | 108 ± 15* | 87 ± 7.1 | 104 ± 10* | 87.7 ± 6.3 | 80 ± 6.5* |
| cTnI (ng/L) | 9 ± 7 | 9 ± 5 | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 3 | 30 ± 9* | 8 ± 10 | 8 ± 5 |
| BNP (ng/L) | 18 ± 11 | 24 ± 18 | 28 ± 9 | 24 ± 20 | 79 ± 14* | 21 ± 12 | 24 ± 14 |
| Hb (g/L) | 15.3 ± 0.9 | 15 ± 0.3 | 14.8 ± 0.3 | 15.2 ± 0.2 | 16.4 ± 0.4* | 15.2 ± 1.5 | 15.8 ± 0.9 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 45.5 ± 1.8 | 45 ± 0.9 | 45 ± 0.4 | 45 ± 0.7 | 46.3 ± 1.1* | 44.9 ± 1.2 | 45.1 ± 1.4 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 38.5 ± 2 | 37 ± 2.4 | 37.6 ± 2.3 | 35 ± 1.9 | 39 ± 3* | 38 ± 1.8 | 38 ± 1.8 |
| Lactates (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.9* | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1 ± 0.7 |
| Myoglobin (mg/L) | 79 ± 6 | 80 ± 5 | 86 ± 6 | 70 ± 6 | 95 ± 12* | 82 ± 3 | 79 ± 8 |
| SpO2 (%) | 98 ± 2 | 98 ± 0.7 | 82 ± 3.2* | 99 ± 0.7 | 99 ± 0.9 | 98 ± 1.5 | 99 ± 1.9 |
The biomarker values are expressed as Mean ± SD in control subject (CNT), in apneic group before and after a single static apnea (APN‐S) and before and after a spearfishing competition (APN‐D) and SCUBA dive group before and after a single scuba dive (SCU‐D).
*
Indicates significant difference at P < 0.05 between values before & after of one experimental condition (Wilcoxon test).