TABLE 2.
Frequency and Rate of Game-Related High School Football Injuries Between Artificial Turf Infill Systems by Head, Knee, and Shoulder Traumaa
| Infill Weight | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥9.0 lb/ft2
(n = 528) |
6.0-8.9 lb/ft2
(n = 521) |
3.0-5.9 lb/ft2
(n = 525) |
0.0-2.9 lb/ft2
(n = 263) |
|||||
| Variable | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) |
| Head injury | ||||||||
| Simple concussions | 42 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 16 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 21 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 8 | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) |
| Complex concussions | 31 | 0.6 (0.4-0.8)b | 54 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3)b | 69 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)c | 28 | 1.1 (0.7-1.5)b |
| Post syndromes/epistaxis | 3 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 8 | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.2) |
| Concussion combined | 73 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 70 | 1.3 (1.1-1.7) | 90 | 1.7 (1.4-2.1) | 36 | 1.4 (1.0-1.8) |
| Knee injury | ||||||||
| Medial/lateral collateral | 45 | 0.9 (0.6-1.1) | 58 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 51 | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 34 | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) |
| Anterior cruciate | 13 | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 11 | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 12 | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 7 | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) |
| ACL and associated tissue | 23 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 22 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 17 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 16 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) |
| PCL and associated tissue | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 4 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 6 | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 3 | 0.1 (0.0-0.1) |
| Arcuate-popliteal complex | 7 | 0.1 (0.1-0.3) | 6 | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.2) |
| Medial/lateral meniscus | 9 | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 20 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 10 | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 4 | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) |
| Plica syndrome | 2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
| Patellar tendon/syndrome | 18 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5)b,d | 39 | 0.7 (0.6-1.0)c | 42 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1)c | 31 | 1.2 (0.8-1.6)e |
| ACL injuries combined | 36 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 33 | 0.6 (0.5-0.9) | 29 | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 23 | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| Shoulder injury | ||||||||
| AC separation | 33 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 42 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 46 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 25 | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) |
| Rotator cuff tear/strain | 4 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 13 | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 24 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 17 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) |
| Dead arm syndrome | 13 | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 22 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 21 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 18 | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) |
| GH subluxation/dislocation | 37 | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 34 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 51 | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 20 | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) |
| Impingement syndrome | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 11 | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 3 | 0.1 (0.0-0.3) |
| SLAP lesion | 11 | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 13 | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 16 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 9 | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) |
| Hill-Sachs lesion | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
| Bankart lesion | 2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.1) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 4 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.2) |
aWilks λ head injury (F 5,4646 = 3.577; P = .0001); knee injury (F 9,4642 = 1.715; P = .009); shoulder injury (F 6,4644 = 1.426; P = .093). AC, acromioclavicular; ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; GH, glenohumeral; IIR, injury incidence rate (calculated as [number of injuries/number of team games] × 10); PCL, posterior cruciate ligament; SLAP, superior labrum anterior-to-posterior.
Statistically significant at b,cP < .05, d,eP < .001.