TABLE 3.
Frequency and Rate of Game-Related High School Football Injuries Between Artificial Turf Infill Systems by Injury Category, Injury Time Loss, and Primary Type of Injurya
| Infill Weight | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥9.0 lb/ft2
(n = 528) |
6.0-8.9 lb/ft2
(n = 521) |
3.0-5.9 lb/ft2
(n = 525) |
0.0-2.9 lb/ft2
(n = 263) |
|||||
| Variable | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) | n | IIR (95% CI) |
| Injury category | ||||||||
| Player-to-player collision | 446 | 8.4 (8.1-8.7)d,f | 570 | 10.9 (10.6-11.2)b,e | 767 | 14.6 (14.1-15.0)c,g | 337 | 12.8 (12.2-13.4)c,g |
| Player-to-turf collision | 120 | 2.3 (1.9-2.6)d,h | 236 | 4.5 (4.1-5.0)b,e | 293 | 5.6 (5.2-6.0)c,i | 169 | 6.4 (5.8-7.0)c,i |
| Shoe surface (contact) | 223 | 4.2 (3.8-4.6)d,f | 360 | 6.9 (6.5-7.3)b,e | 321 | 6.1 (5.7-6.5)e | 242 | 9.2 (8.8-9.5)c,g |
| Shoe surface (noncontact) | 53 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 63 | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 58 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 39 | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) |
| Muscle-tendon overload | 75 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7)b,d | 95 | 1.8 (1.5-2.2)b | 151 | 2.9 (2.5-3.3)c,e | 37 | 1.4 (1.0-1.9)b |
| Primary type of injury | ||||||||
| Surface/epidermal | 33 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9)f | 28 | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) | 93 | 1.8 (1.5-2.1)g | 16 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) |
| Contusion | 191 | 3.6 (3.2-4.0)f,h | 379 | 7.3 (6.9-7.6)g | 449 | 8.6 (8.2-8.8)i | 230 | 8.7 (8.3-9.1)i |
| Concussion | 73 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 70 | 1.3 (1.1-1.7) | 90 | 1.7 (1.4-2.1) | 36 | 1.4 (1.0-1.8) |
| Inflammation | 16 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5)b | 39 | 0.7 (0.6-1.0)c | 47 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2)c | 27 | 1.0 (0.7-1.5)c |
| Ligament sprain | 268 | 5.1 (4.7-5.5)b,d | 388 | 7.4 (7.1-7.8)c | 438 | 8.3 (8.0-8.6)e | 216 | 8.2 (7.7-8.6)e |
| Ligament tear | 45 | 0.9 (0.6-1.1) | 50 | 1.0 (0.7-1.2) | 55 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 28 | 1.1 (0.7-1.5) |
| Cartilage tear | 14 | 0.3 (0.2-0.4)f | 25 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 14 | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 6 | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) |
| Muscle-tendon strain/tear | 145 | 2.8 (2.3-3.3)d,f | 195 | 3.7 (3.1-4.4)d | 272 | 5.2 (4.6-5.8)e | 161 | 6.1 (5.3-7.1)e,g |
| Hyperextension | 10 | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 16 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 7 | 0.1 (0.1-0.3) | 10 | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
| Herniation | 3 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.2) |
| Neural | 28 | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) | 26 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 31 | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 16 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) |
| Subluxation/dislocation | 37 | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 42 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 41 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 36 | 1.4 (1.0-1.8) |
| Fracture | 54 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 66 | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 53 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 41 | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) |
aWilks λ injury category (F 4,4646 = 4.959; P = .0001); primary type of injury (F 16,4635 = 3.039; P = .0001). IIR, injury incidence rate (calculated as [number of injuries/number of team games] × 10).
Statistically significant at b,cP < .05, d,eP < .01, f,gP < .001, h,iP < .0001.