Table 4.

Review of the effect of anti-migraine drugs against SDs.

	Anti-migraine drugs					Results
Drug	Reference	Species	Type	SD induction	Dosage	Number	Amplitude	Propagation	Threshold	Duration	Frequency
Tonabersat	Read et al.192	Cat	In vivo	KCl	3–10 mg/kg/day ip.	↓		↑		↓
Tonabersat	Smith et al.193	Cat	In vivo	KCl	3–10 mg/kg/day ip.	↓
Tonabersat	Bradley et al.194	Cat	In vivo	KCl	10 mg/kg/day ip.	↓		↑		↓
Tonabersat	Read et al.192	Rat	In vivo	KCl	10 mg/kg/day ip.	↓
Topiramate	Akerman and Goadsby195	Cat, rat	In vivo	Mechanical	30 mg/kg/day iv.	↓		=
Topiramate	Unekawa et al.196	Rat	In vivo	KCl	50, 100, 200, or 600 mg/kg ip.			↓	↑
Topiramate	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	40–80 mg/kg/day	↓	=	↓	↑	=
Topiramate	Tozzi et al.197	Rat	In vitro	K+	100 μM	↓
Flunarizine	Marrannes et al.97	Rat	In vivo	Electrical	20–40 mg/kg/day ip.; per os 3 × 20 mg/kg/day		=	=	=	↓
Flunarizine	Marrannes et al.97	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	10–20 mg/kg/day ip.; per os 20 mg/kg/day
Flunarizine	Hansen and Lauritzen37	Rat	In vivo	Mechanical	Per os 20 mg/kg/day		=	=
Flunarizine	Wauquier et al.198	Rat	In vivo	Mechanical	40 mg/kg/day ip.	↓
Flunarizine	Li et al.199	Rat	In vivo	KCl	3 mg/kg ip.	↓	↓		↑	↓
Flunarizine	Ashton et al.200	Guinea pig	In vitro	Electrical	40 mg/kg × 2 per os		↓
Valproate	Kaube and Goadsby179	Cat	In vivo	Mechanical	3.5–7 mg/kg/day iv.	=	=	=
Valproate	Peeters et al.102	Rat	In vivo	KCl	200 mg/kg ip.	=	=
Valproate	Tepe et al.201	Rat	In vivo	KCl	75 mg/kg ip.	=					=
Valproate	Bogdanov et al.185	Rat	In vivo	KCl	200 mg/kg/day ip.	↓		↓
Valproate	Hoffmann et al.202	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	200 mg/kg/day ip./iv.				↑
Valproate	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	25/50/100/200 mg/kg/day ip.	↓	=	↓	↑	=
Sumatriptan	Bradley et al.194	Cat	In vivo	KCl	0.3 mg/kg iv.	=		↑		=
Sumatriptan	Read et al.192	Rat	In vivo	KCl	0.3 mg/kg iv.	=
Sumatriptan	Moskowitz et al.203	Rat	In vivo	KCl	0.3 mg/kg iv.	=
Sumatriptan	Srienc et al.110	Rat retina	In vitro	Photothrombosis	3 mg/kg iv.	↓			=		↓
Sumatriptan	Knapp et al.204	Rat	In vivo	KCl	0.6 mg/kg ip.	↓
Sumatriptan	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	1.5 mM	↓	↓	↓
Dihydroergotamine	Kaube and Goadsby179	Cat	In vivo	Mechanical	15 mg/kg iv.	=		=
Ergotamine	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vivo	KCl	10–20 µM	=		=
Lamotrigine	Bogdanov et al.185	Rat	In vivo	KCl	15 mg/kg/day ip.	↓		=
Riboflavin	Bogdanov et al.185	Rat	In vivo	KCl	20 mg/kg/day ip.	↓		=
Propranolol	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	20 mg/kg/day ip.	=	=	=	=	=
Propranolol	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	20 mg/kg/day ip.	↓	=	↓	=	=
Propranolol	Richter et al.206	Rat	In vivo	Mechanical	Topical application of 250 – l µmol/L to 1 mmol/L	=	=	↓		=
Propranolol	Peeters et al.102	Adult rat	In vivo	KCl	Ip injection of 20 mg/kg ip.	=
Propranolol	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	500 µmol	↓	↓	↓
Methylsergide	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	Ip injection of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg/day ip.	↓	=	=	=	=
Methylsergide	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	100 µmol	↓	↓	↓
Amitryptolin	Ayata et al.50	Rat	In vivo	Electrical, KCl	Ip injection of 10/20 mg/kg/day ip.	↓	=	=	=	=
Clonidin	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	100–500 µM	=	=	=
Lisuride	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	100–200 nM	=	=	=
Iprazochrome	Wiedemann et al.205	Chicken	In vitro	KCl	100–200 µM	=	=	=
Isoprenalin	Kaube et al.207	Cat	In vivo	Transection	Topical application of 0.1/1%	=		=
Amylnitrite	Kaube et al.207	Cat	In vivo	Transection	Topical application of 0.05%	=		=

“↓” Means a reductive effect was observed after drug administration, “=” means no effect was noticed, and “↑” means that the tested parameter was increased by drug. Typical parameters under investigation are number, amplitude, propagation, threshold, duration, and frequency. Most substances exert an inhibitory effect on the number of SDs. Only few inhibit more than one variable, for instance, flunarizine, sumatriptan, and propranolol. Experimental settings and models are heterogeneous, comprising different animals (chicken, rat, and cat) and various forms of SD induction (KCl and electrical stimulation).