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. 2018 Apr 30;38(7):1125–1148. doi: 10.1177/0271678X18773871

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Figure 4. — MicroRNA-based therapeutics for CNS injuries in experimental animal models. In the brain or spinal cord, downregulating miRNA expression by specific miRNA inhibitors, or upregulating miRNA expression by specific miRNA mimics in experimental animal models of stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) revealed potential therapeutic effects against these CNS injuries. Currently, the delivery methods for the miRNA mimics or inhibitors mainly include intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, continuous ICV infusion with osmotic minipumps, intravenous (IV) administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, virus-mediated delivery, exosome-mediated delivery and stem cell-mediated delivery. In addition, a number of miRNA-based drugs have been administrated to experimental animals by combined methods to achieve the maximal delivery efficacy.