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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2019 Jan 4;6(2):356–363. doi: 10.1007/s40615-018-00532-1

Table 2.

Adjusted estimates of ever and past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, and cigar product use by AANHOPI membershipa (N = 31,425)

Cigarette
 E-cigarette
 Cigarb
Ever use
 Past 30-day
 Ever use
 Past 30-day
 Ever use
 Past 30-day
%a 95% CI %a 95% CI %a 95% CI %a 95% CI %a 95% CI %a 95% CI
Wald F = 15.11 p < .001 Wald F = 5.20 p < .001 Wald F = 3.74 p <. 001 Wald F = 1.65 p = . 12 Wald F = 20.98 p <. 001 Wald F = 5.92 p < .001
AANHOPI 52.37 48.13; 56.57 16.97 15.11; 19.02 14.47 12.72; 16.41 5.21 4.33; 6.26 22.75 20.04; 25.71 3.84 3.13; 4.71
Asian Indian 42.84 33.91; 52.26 13.25 8.96; 19.17 10.63 7.13; 15.56 2.95c 1.41; 6.05 14.75 10.06; 21.12 2.71 1.59; 4.60
 Male 61.58 49.69; 72.23 21.17 14.29; 30.20 15.28 10.42; 21.85 3.38c 1.53; 7.28 27.53 18.38; 39.05 3.85c 2.03; 7.19
 Female 22.96 14.43; 34.51 4.40c 1.65; 11.22 3.64c 1.45; 8.88 2.12c 0.62; 7.03 4.16c 1.91; 8.81 1.55c 0.45; 5.20
Chinese 36.93 29.37; 45.19 16.06 11.77; 21.53 11.23 7.52; 16.43 4.99 2.82; 8.70 13.17 8.62; 19.61 2.54c 1.11; 5.73
 Male 56.52 44.75; 67.60 26.51 18.95; 35.75 16.57 9.98; 26.24 9.11c 4.66; 17.02 19.74 11.99; 30.74 5.35c 2.32; 11.84
 Female 21.28 11.15; 36.82 6.08c 3.01; 11.88 5.52c 2.09; 13.79 0.62c 0.09; 4.25 8.09c 3.76; 16.51 - -
Filipino 57.32 47.61; 66.50 18.06 14.13; 22.79 18.01 13.34; 23.83 6.25 3.94; 9.79 22.93 17.41; 29.58 3.32 1.93; 5.68
 Male 65.04 52.32; 75.93 23.79 17.01; 32.23 19.97 12.39; 30.57 7.20c 3.83; 13.12 33.94 23.57; 46.12 5.36 2.90; 9.70
 Female 49.77 35.21; 64.37 12.17 7.15; 19.97 16.50 11.39; 23.30 5.32 3.11; 8.96 12.32 7.90; 18.71 1.45c 0.29; 6.92
Japanese 68.76 49.66; 83.08 19.37 12.06; 29.63 20.74 13.43; 30.64 5.74c 2.55; 12.43 35.93 23.18; 51.05 8.18c 4.40; 14.69
 Male 65.41 36.74; 86.03 21.84c 11.18; 38.29 23.70 13.05; 39.12 9.15c 3.54; 21.68 52.74 33.17; 71.50 13.59c 6.38; 26.60
 Female 73.05 56.51; 84.98 16.84c 7.13; 34.81 18.33 11.66; 27.61 1.97c 0.21; 16.16 21.53c 6.71; 51.16 2.58c 0.38; 15.41
Korean 56.62 41.36; 70.72 18.83 12.51; 27.35 17.85 11.50; 26.66 7.83c 3.54; 16.43 39.78 28.81; 51.88 1.83c 0.54; 5.98
 Male 82.04 58.10; 93.77 29.89 18.33; 44.75 24.46 14.36; 38.47 10.12c 3.85; 24.04 66.94 42.98; 84.48 - -
 Female 34.05c 17.35; 55.94 9.15c 4.31; 18.37 12.21c 5.91; 23.53 5.74c 1.28; 22.21 16.63 c 6.40; 36.79 2.72c 0.83; 8.52
Vietnamese 58.26 40.78; 73.88 18.86 11.72; 28.92 13.52 7.68; 22.81 4.31c 1.48; 11.91 21.73 12.96; 34.11 4.61c 1.38; 14.27
 Male 81.73 55.84; 94.06 27.05 15.41; 43.03 19.63c 10.50; 33.72 4.98c 1.28; 17.50 39.41 20.85; 61.64 8.73c 2.36; 27.49
 Female 28.67c 11.74; 54.84 8.43 c 2.67; 23.64 6.26 1.83; 19.29 3.49c 0.50; 20.63 6.07c 2.33; 14.90 - -
Other Asian 52.35 41.94; 62.55 17.73 13.19; 23.42 16.25 11.60; 22.28 5.71 3.54; 9.08 20.11 13.56; 28.78 2.35c 0.99; 5.48
 Male 59.52 43.15; 74.02 22.38 15.67; 30.90 17.71 11.43; 26.41 7.91 4.51; 13.52 26.19 16.77; 38.47 3.55c 1.12; 10.69
 Female 45.98 33.61; 58.86 12.67c 7.14; 21.46 14.67 8.95; 23.11 2.95c 0.95; 8.81 15.81 8.54; 27.43 1.27c 0.27; 5.68
NHOPI 64.57 56.86; 71.59 17.45 14.32; 21.10 13.99 11.06; 17.55 5.38 3.96; 7.27 35.80 29.15; 43.04 6.53 5.25; 8.11
 Male 76.90 68.77; 83.42 21.73 17.12; 27.17 18.37 13.85; 23.96 7.48 5.18; 10.69 48.58 39.31; 57.94 9.76 7.32; 12.89
 Female 52.30 40.14; 64.18 13.32 9.66; 18.08 9.53 6.69; 13.39 2.96 1.66; 5.25 23.84 15.76; 34.44 3.55 2.24; 5.59
Non-AANHOPI 69.57d 68.30; 70.82 23.79 23.07; 24.52 18.73 18.11; 19.38 7.11 6.78; 7.45 44.04 42.90; 45.19 7.89 7.55; 8.24
 Male 73.69 72.11; 75.20 26.69 25.77; 27.63 20.53 19.68; 21.39 7.67 7.23; 8.16 61.26 59.69; 62.80 11.69 11.08; 12.32
 Female 65.62 64.16; 67.04 21.02 20.16; 21.91 17.03 16.33; 17.77 6.56 6.16; 6.99 27.41 26.32; 28.52 4.24 3.97; 4.53

Respondents were categorized as ever users if they reported they had ever tried the product, even one or two times. Respondents were categorized as past 30-day users if they reported using the product at least once in the past 30 days. Italicized F-values denotep ≤ .05

AANHOPI Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, NHOPI Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, non-AANHOPI respondents who are not classified as either Asian American or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, —instances where the numerator was 0 or where value was suppressed due to counts < 3

a

Proportions are weighted to reflect the non-institutionalized, civilian US population and are adjusted by age, education, urban/rural, health insurance status, annual household income, and sexual orientation. Logistic regression analyses tested the association between AANHOPI membership and tobacco ever and past-30 day use

b

“Cigar” reflects traditional cigar, cigarillo, and filtered cigar use; respondents who indicated they used any cigar product were included in analyses even if they had missing date for other cigar products

c

Estimate has a relative standard error that is larger than 30%. Interpret with caution

d

Other national data systems that fielded data during a similar timeframe to the 2013–2014 PATH wave 1 study were consulted such as 2013 NHIS, NHANES 2013–2014, BRFFS 2013, and 2010–2011 TUS CPS. Estimates from these data systems are lower than PATH estimates as ever smoking in these data systems was assessed with the 100-cigarette threshold item such that ever use captured respondents who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. However, NATS 2013–2014 which assesses ever smoking captured in PATH wave 1 also asks if respondents has “ever tried cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs?” and has similar ever use prevalence