Table 3.
Adjusted estimates of ever and past 30-day hookah, smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco product use by AANHOPI membershipa (N = 31,425)
| Hookah |
Smokeless tobaccob |
Pipe tobacco |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever use |
Past 30-day |
Ever use |
Past 30-day |
Ever use |
Past 30-day |
|||||||
| %a | 95% CI | %a | 95% CI | %a | 95% CI | %a | 95% CI | %a | 95% CI | %a | 95% CI | |
| Wald F = 4.54 p < .001 | Wald F = 4.77 p < .001 | Wald F = 10.28 p <. 001 | Wald F = 4.78 p <. 001 | Wald F = 14.91 p <. 001 | Wald F = .86 p = .55 | |||||||
| AANHOPI | 16.20 | 14.29; 18.31 | 3.05 | 2.41; 3.85 | 7.63 | 6.17; 9.41 | - | - | 8.33 | 7.11; 9.74 | - | - |
| Asian Indian | 14.96 | 11.22; 19.67 | 3.49 | 2.16; 5.59 | 3.96 c | 1.81; 8.44 | - | - | 3.59 c | 1.96; 6.50 | - | - |
| Male | 17.33 | 11.98; 24.42 | 4.26 | 2.37; 7.55 | 7.81 c | 3.36; 17.11 | - | - | 7.48 c | 4.02; 13.51 | - | - |
| Female | 12.76 | 8.50; 18.71 | 2.74 c | 1.44; 5.15 | 0.52 c | 0.07; 3.98 | - | - | 0.15 c | 0.01; 2.14 | - | - |
| Chinese | 9.13 | 6.76; 12.16 | 1.49 c | 0.70; 3.12 | 4.25 c | 2.12; 8.34 | - | - | 5.42 c | 2.60; 10.97 | - | - |
| Male | 11.96 | 7.57; 18.38 | 1.89 c | 0.67; 5.18 | 9.49 c | 4.72; 18.17 | - | - | 8.69 | 4.79; 15.25 | 1.52 c | 0.43; 5.27 |
| Female | 6.83 | 4.19; 10.95 | 4.21 c | 3.18; 4.52 | 0.00 | - | - | - | 2.38 c | 0.20; 22.88 | - | - |
| Filipino | 16.29 | 11.52; 22.53 | 2.67 c | 1.38; 5.11 | 8.22 | 4.66; 14.10 | - | - | 4.88 c | 2.59; 9.03 | - | - |
| Male | 19.56 | 11.90; 30.46 | 3.18 c | 1.46; 6.78 | 11.46 c | 6.35; 19.81 | - | - | 8.99 c | 4.38; 17.57 | - | - |
| Female | 13.26 | 9.23; 18.69 | 2.25 c | 0.73; 6.71 | 4.96 c | 1.57; 14.58 | - | - | 1.00 c | 0.27; 3.61 | - | - |
| Japanese | 23.74 | 15.84; 34.00 | 1.83 c | 0.34; 9.17 | 17.40 c | 8.32; 32.84 | - | - | 19.64 | 11.64; 31.18 | 1.70 c | 0.25; 0.10 |
| Male | 33.45 | 20.56; 49.39 | 2.33 c | 0.26; 18.06 | 27.16 c | 12.18; 50.06 | - | - | 29.65 | 18.97; 43.13 | 1.10 c | 0.16; 7.42 |
| Female | 13.49 c | 5.62; 28.99 | 1.46 c | 0.11; 16.90 | 8.68 c | 1.57; 36.15 | - | - | 10.84 c | 2.44; 37.18 | 2.89 c | 0.17; 34.55 |
| Korean | 25.87 | 18.78; 34.50 | 1.53 c | 0.43; 5.33 | 16.28 | 10.81; 23.79 | 2.60 c | 0.83; 7.87 | 13.85 c | 7.31; 24.60 | - | - |
| Male | 29.51 | 18.02; 44.37 | 2.62 c | 0.51; 12.40 | 30.84 | 18.36; 46.94 | 5.38 c | 1.69; 15.85 | 24.49 c | 10.73; 46.66 | 2.85 c | 0.18; 31.82 |
| Female | 22.18 | 14.25; 32.67 | - | - | 3.15 c | 1.76; 8.18 | - | - | 3.81 c | 1.49; 9.39 | - | - |
| Vietnamese | 17.41 | 10.89; 36.66 | 1.23 c | 0.23; 5.43 | 4.47 c | 1.02; 17.47 | 1.65 c | 0.11; 20.71 | 6.97 c | 1.76; 23.82 | - | - |
| Male | 21.49 c | 10.46; 39.08 | - | - | 8.98 c | 2.00; 32.22 | 3.30 c | 0.21; 35.42 | 13.44 c | 2.98; 43.96 | - | - |
| Female | 14.13 c | 6.46; 28.17 | 1.80 c | 0.26; 11.50 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Asian | 18.24 | 13.89; 24.35 | 3.94 | 2.41; 6.40 | 5.77 c | 3.13; 10.41 | 0.82 c | 0.28; 2.34 | 9.43 | 5.60; 15.31 | - | - |
| Male | 16.87 | 11.55; 23.98 | 6.11 | 3.36; 10.87 | 8.97 c | 4.41; 17.40 | - | - | 15.59 | 8.87; 25.96 | - | - |
| Female | 20.46 | 13.49; 29.79 | 2.06 c | 0.83; 5.01 | 3.30 c | 0.82; 12.34 | 1.51 c | 0.20; 10.45 | 4.21 c | 1.10; 14.79 | - | - |
| NHOPI | 18.73 | 15.92; 21.89 | 4.69 | 3.56; 6.14 | 10.96 | 6.97; 16.80 | 1.87 c | 0.96; 3.61 | 14.12 | 9.88; 19.78 | - | - |
| Male | 22.61 | 17.82; 28.25 | 5.98 | 4.19; 8.47 | 17.89 | 11.20; 27.35 | 3.58 c | 1.78; 7.07 | 19.78 | 12.22; 30.39 | - | - |
| Female | 15.38 | 12.11; 13.35 | 3.39 | 2.24; 5.11 | 4.36 c | 1.85; 9.96 | - | - | 8.55 | 4.51; 15.63 | - | - |
| Non-AANHOPI | 17.25 | 16.50; 18.04 | 2.16 | 1.98; 2.36 | 18.26 | 17.45; 19.10 | 3.66 | 3.45; 3.87 | 19.17 | 18.46; 19.89 | 0.93 | 0.83; 1.04 |
| Male | 20.28 | 19.30; 21.29 | 2.59 | 2.34; 2.87 | 31.62 | 30.22; 33.05 | 7.09 | 6.68; 7.52 | 32.68 | 31.35; 34.04 | 1.62 | 1.43; 1.84 |
| Female | 14.36 | 16.64; 15.11 | 1.75 | 1.57; 1.95 | 5.51 | 5.03; 6.03 | - | - | 6.23 | 5.68; 6.84 | - | - |
Respondents were categorized as ever users if they reported they had ever tried the product, even one or two times. Respondents were categorized as past 30-day users if they reported using the product at least once in the past 30 days. Italicized F-values denote p ≤ .05
AANHOPI Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, NHOPI Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, non-AANHOPI represents respondents who are not classified as either Asian American or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, —instances where the numerator was 0 or where value was suppressed due to counts < 3
Proportions (%) are weighted to reflect the non-institutionalized, civilian US population and are adjusted by age, education, urban/rural, health insurance status, annual household income, and sexual orientation. Logistic regression analyses tested the association between AANHOPI membership and tobacco ever and past 30-day use
Smokeless tobacco’ reflects both snus and smokeless tobacco based on a single item with the following response choices: (1) snus pouches, and (2) loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, or chewing tobacco
Estimate has a relative standard error that is larger than 30%. Interpret with caution