Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Mar 6;9(1):13–47. doi: 10.1089/ther.2019.0001

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Travis C. Jackson and Patrick M. Kochanek, 2019; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

FIG. 3. — The complex interplay/release of cold stress hormones (FGF21, Irisin, and Metrnl) by thermogenesis-regulating organs after cold exposure and possible targeting to the brain. The diagram shows the major sources of key circulating CSHs. FGF21-regulated mechanisms are illustrated in white text. Irisin-regulated mechanisms are illustrated in yellow text. Metrnl-regulated mechanisms are illustrated in green text. Potential unknown intersections (?) of paracrine effects on target tissues are indicated. All known signaling links and molecular targets are supported by research articles cited in the primary text. ATF, activating transcription factor; BAT, brown adipose tissue; eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; Metrnl, Meteorin-like; PKA, protein kinase A; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; RBM3, RNA binding motif 3; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; UCP, uncoupling protein; WAT, white adipose tissue.