Papers with female first authors obtained slightly but significantly lower review scores than did papers with male first authors, though there was no difference in the scores received by male and female senior authors. Review scores were standardized to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.0 within journals and years so that all journals are on the same scale. Values >0 indicate that papers with female authors obtain higher average review scores, whereas values <1 indicate that papers with female authors obtain lower average review scores. The mean review scores for each journal‐gender combination are in Figure A2. Analysis of variance: ReviewScore = Journal + AuthorGender + interaction. Because scores were standardized within each journal‐year combination, journal is only included to test for journal*gender interactions. First author gender: F
1,11667 = 6.50, p = 0.01; Senior author gender: F
1,11650 = 2.54, p = 0.11.