Figure 6.

The probability of manuscript acceptance was independent of the gender of (a) the first author, (b) the last author, and (c) the author of single‐authored papers. The success ratio was also independent of journal impact factor. Values >1 indicate that papers with female authors are more likely to have positive outcomes, whereas values <1 indicate that papers with female authors are less likely to have positive outcomes. Logistic mixed‐effect models: PositiveOutcome[yes/no] = JIF + AuthorGender, random effect = Journal. JIF X AuthorGender interactions were not significant and were dropped from the models. First author gender (Panel a): JIF: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 33.5, p < 0.0001, gender: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 0.13, p = 0.71. Last author gender: (Panel b): JIF: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 35.1, p < 0.0001, gender: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 0.13, p = 0.72. Single author gender: (Panel c): JIF: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 6.49, p = 0.0108, gender: ${\chi }_1^2$ = 0.0002, p = 0.99.