Table 4.
Propensity score matching analysis between the PKD and the non-PKD
| Variables | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-PKD (N = 1495) |
PKD (N = 293) |
p-value | Non-PKD (N = 196) |
PKD (N = 196) |
p-value | |
| Matched variables | ||||||
| Age (years) | 55.3 ± 12.0 | 47.0 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 | 49.6 ± 12.9 | 49.1 ± 11.1 | 0.66 |
| Female (n, %) | 542 (36.3) | 148 (50.5) | < 0.001 | 87 (44.4) | 87 (44.4) | > 0.999 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.125 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.098 |
| DM (n, %) | 616 (41.2) | 12 (4.1) | < 0.001 | 22 (11.2) | 11 (5.6) | 0.068 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 | 24.2 ± 3.7 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.891 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1. 73m2) | 46.6 ± 27.6 | 68.1 ± 34.2 | < 0.001 | 57.7 ± 29.7 | 59.1 ± 30.1 | 0.589 |
| Total CO2 (mmol/L) | 25.6 ± 3.7 | 26.6 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 0.924 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 0.39 |
| UPCR (g/g)a | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 0.099 |
| Urine osmolality (mOsm/kg)a | 510.4 ± 142.5 | 516.7 ± 156.2 | 0.499 | 513.3 ± 148.0 | 514.2 ± 160.8 | 0.845 |
| Diuretics (n, %) | 545 (36.5) | 32 (10.9) | < 0.001 | 29 (14.8) | 26 (13.3) | 0.663 |
| Matching results | ||||||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.9 ± 2.4 | 141.1 ± 2.2 | 0.206 | 140.9 ± 2.2 | 141.5 ± 2.0 | 0.007 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 105.6 ± 3.7 | 105.6 ± 3.0 | 0.716 | 105.1 ± 3.4 | 106.1 ± 3.0 | 0.002 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.004 |
| TTKG | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 7.1 ± 2.4 | 0.021 |
| Urine AGT/Cr ratio (μg/g)a | 33.6 (8.6–157.4) | 30.5 (12.5–82.7) | 0.627 | 17.7 (8.2–63.1) | 30.5 (13.0–109.5) | 0.011 |
| RAAS blockade (n, %) | 1310 (87.7) | 229 (78.2) | < 0.001 | 167 (85.2) | 162 (82.7) | 0.492 |
aData are expressed as median and interquartile range. Comparison was done by Mann-Whitney U test before matching, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test after matching
Abbreviations: PKD, polycystic kidney disease; PSM, propensity score matching; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CO2, carbon dioxide; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; TTKG, transtubular potassium gradient; AGT/Cr, angiotensinogen/creatinine