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. 2019 Mar 26;20:60. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1027-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Forest plot of HR (95% CI) for a first moderate/severe exacerbation: UMEC/VI versus PBO (a), UMEC versus PBO (b), and VI versus PBO (c). Risk of a first moderate/severe exacerbation was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model for all medication subgroups separately, with covariates for study, treatment, smoking status at screening and center group. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; ITT, intent-to-treat; PBO, placebo; UMEC, umeclidinium; VI, vilanterol