Table 2.
Percent of participants reporting past 30-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking at the 3-month follow-up assessment and model information for two logistic regression analyses of factors associated with likelihood of reporting past 30-day abstinence from smoking at the 3-month follow-up assessment
| Predictor variable | % P30A | Unadjusted | Model 1 adjusted | Model 2 adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step1 | Step2 | Step1 | Step2 | |||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 49.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 44.6 | 0.84 (0.77–0.91)*** | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 0.93 (0.83–1.03) |
| Transgender | 47.1 | 0.93 (0.53–1.61) | 0.74 (0.38–1.45) | 0.74 (0.38–1.43) | 0.67 (0.35–1.30) | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) |
| Age | ||||||
| 21–24 | 56.4 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 25–34 | 45.6 | 0.65 (0.59–0.72)*** | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) |
| 35–44 | 38.2 | 0.48 (0.42–0.54)*** | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) |
| 45–54 | 38.6 | 0.49 (0.42–0.57)*** | 1.10 (0.84–1.46) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.10 (0.84–1.46) |
| 55–64 | 46.9 | 0.68 (0.57–0.83)*** | 0.91 (0.63–1.30) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) |
| ≥ 65 | 28.4 | 0.31 (0.20–0.48)*** | 0.91 (0.47–1.75) | 0.90 (0.47–1.74) | 0.92 (0.48–1.76) | 0.92 (0.48–1.76) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic, White | 45.7 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Non-Hispanic, Black | 49.0 | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 0.99 (0.75–1.32) | 0.99 (0.75–1.32) |
| Non-Hispanic, American Indian/Alaskan | 47.0 | 1.05 (0.73–1.52) | 1.33 (0.85–2.08) | 1.33 (0.85–2.09) | 1.28 (0.82–1.99) | 1.27 (0.81–1.98) |
| Non-Hispanic, Asian, Hawaiian or PIa | 46.0 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.90 (0.77–1.07) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) |
| Non-Hispanic, two or More Races | 50.0 | 1.19 (0.07–19.00) | 1.33 (0.08–22.13) | 1.30 (0.08–21.72) | 1.49 (0.09–24.76) | 1.45 (0.09–23.85) |
| Hispanicb | 52.3 | 1.30 (1.12–1.51)*** | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) |
| Education | ||||||
| Not HS graduate | 45.3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| GED | 48.9 | 1.16 (0.84–1.60) | 1.51 (1.02–2.22)* | 1.51 (1.03–2.23)* | 1.55 (1.05–2.28)* | 1.55 (1.05–2.28)* |
| HS graduate | 56.4 | 1.56 (1.20–2.04)*** | 1.34 (0.97–1.84) | 1.34 (0.97–1.85) | 1.37 (0.99–1.88) | 1.37 (0.99–1.88) |
| Some college or associate’s degree | 45.3 | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) | 0.99 (0.72–1.34) | 0.99 (0.73–1.36) | 1.00 (0.74–1.36) | 1.00 (0.74–1.36) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 43.4 | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.88 (0.64–1.20) | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | 0.90 (0.65–1.22) | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) |
| Household income | ||||||
| < $25,000 | 49.3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| $25,000 to $74,999 | 47.8 | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.22) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) |
| ≥ $75,000 | 44.9 | 0.84 (0.74–0.95)*** | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) |
| U.S. census region | ||||||
| Northeast | 45.0 | 0.85 (0.75–0.97)* | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) |
| South | 47.9 | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) |
| Midwest | 46.6 | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.95(0.81–1.12) |
| West | 49.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Age of first smoking | ||||||
| ≤ 11 years | 39.7 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 12 to 14 years | 39.0 | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | 0.88 (0.65–1.17) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) |
| 15 to 17 years | 44.5 | 1.21 (0.96–1.54) | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) |
| 18 to 24 years | 55.0 | 1.85 (1.47–2.35)*** | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) |
| ≥ 25 years | 51.9 | 1.64 (1.13–2.37)** | 1.34 (0.82–2.19) | 1.35 (0.83–2.20) | 1.32 (0.81–2.15) | 1.31 (0.81–2.14) |
| Lifetime years of smoking | ||||||
| ≤ 1 year | 62.0 | 2.79 (1.22–1.59)*** | 1.78 (1.29–2.44)*** | 1.78 (1.30–2.45)*** | 1.80 (1.31–2.48)*** | 1.80 (1.31–2.48)*** |
| 1–5 years | 56.6 | 2.23 (1.97–2.54)*** | 1.57 (1.20–2.05)** | 1.57 (1.20–2.05)** | 1.58 (1.21–2.07)** | 1.59 (1.21–2.07)** |
| 6–10 years | 44.8 | 1.39 (2.35–3.31)*** | 1.26 (0.99–1.61) | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 1.28 (1.00–1.63)* | 1.28 (1.00–1.64)* |
| 11–20 years | 38.3 | 1.06(0.93–1.21) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) |
| ≥ 20 years | 36.9 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Number of smoking days in 30 days prior to baseline | ||||||
| 1–9 days | 63.6 | 2.91 (2.56–3.30)*** | 2.87 (2.40–3.43)*** | 2.88 (2.41–3.44)*** | 2.86 (2.40–3.42)*** | 2.86 (2.40–3.42)*** |
| 10–19 days | 60.1 | 2.50 (2.19–2.85)*** | 2.28 (1.91–2.71)*** | 2.28 (1.92–2.72)*** | 2.26 (1.90–2.69)*** | 2.26 (1.90–2.69)*** |
| 20–29 days | 51.3 | 1.75 (1.58–1.94)*** | 1.55 (1.36–1.77)*** | 1.56 (1.36–1.78)*** | 1.55 (1.36–1.78)*** | 1.55 (1.36–1.77)*** |
| 30 days | 37.6 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Cigarettes smoked per day at baseline | ||||||
| 1–9 cigarettes per day | 54.1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 10–19 cigarettes per day | 41.3 | 0.60 (0.54–0.66)*** | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) |
| ≥ 20 cigarettes per day | 36.2 | 0.48 (0.43–0.54)*** | 0.84 (0.71–0.99)* | 0.84 (0.71–0.99)* | 0.84 (0.71–0.99)* | 0.84 (0.71–0.99)* |
| Number of days of JUUL use in past 30 days (at 3 months) | ||||||
| 0 days | 27.1 | 0.34 (0.18–0.64) | – | – | – | – |
| 1–9 days | 41.1 | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | 0.56 (0.45–0.68)*** | 0.55 (0.45–0.68)*** | 0.53 (0.43–0.65)*** | 0.53 (0.43–0.65)*** |
| 10–19 days | 32.9 | 0.45 (0.39–0.52) | 0.38 (0.32–0.45)*** | 0.38 (0.32–0.45)*** | 0.36 (0.31–0.43)*** | 0.36 (0.31–0.43)*** |
| 20–29 days | 40.4 | 0.62 (0.55–0.69) | 0.51 (0.45–0.58)*** | 0.51 (0.44–0.58)*** | 0.50 (0.44–0.57)*** | 0.50 (0.44–0.57) |
| 30 days | 52.3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Current use of an e-cigarette other than JUUL | ||||||
| Yes | 41.7 | 0.79 (0.69–0.90)*** | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) |
| No | 47.7 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Place of first JUUL SK purchase | ||||||
| Retail store | 55.1 | 1.81 (1.67–1.97)*** | 1.37 (1.22–1.53)*** | 1.39 (0.99–1.94) | 1.38 (1.23–1.54)*** | 1.54 (1.04–2.26)* |
| JUUL website | 40.3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Bought JUUL SK “to help me quit smoking” | ||||||
| Yes | 47.4 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.34 (1.16–1.55)*** | 1.35 (1.17–1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.18–1.57)*** | 1.36 (1.18–1.57)*** |
| No | 45.5 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 3 months) | ||||||
| Virginia Tobacco | 41.2 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mint | 53.9 | 1.67 (1.42–1.96)*** | 1.37 (1.13–1.66)** | 1.42 (1.11–1.81)** | NI | NI |
| Mango | 51.3 | 1.50 (1.29–1.76)*** | 1.26 (1.05–1.52)* | 1.27 (1.01–1.61)* | NI | NI |
| Crème | 42.5 | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | 1.16 (0.83–1.62) | NI | NI |
| Fruit | 38.6 | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | NI | NI |
| Cucumber | 44.4 | 1.14(0.90–1.43) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | NI | NI |
| Classic Tobacco | 22.5 | 0.41 (0.28–0.60)*** | 0.54 (0.35–0.84)** | 0.51 (0.30–0.86)* | NI | NI |
| Menthol | 38.9 | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | 0.90 (0.66–1.24) | 1.12 (0.76–1.66) | NI | NI |
| Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primary | 43.5 | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | NI | NI |
| JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 3 months) | ||||||
| Only used JUUL tobacco flavorsc | 37.0 | Ref. | NI | NI | Ref. | Ref. |
| Only used JUUL characterizing flavorsd | 49.9 | 1.70 (1.45–1.98)*** | NI | NI | 1.30 (1.07–1.57)** | 1.33 (1.05–1.67)* |
| Used flavors from both tobacco and categories | 38.6 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | NI | NI | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) |
| Interaction term: primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 3 months)c Place of first JUUL SK purchase | ||||||
| Virginia Tobaccoc Retail | – | – | – | Ref. | ||
| Mintc Retail | – | – | – | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | NI | NI |
| Mangoc Retail | – | – | – | 0.98 (0.67–1.44) | NI | NI |
| Crèmec Retail | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) | NI | NI |
| Fruitc Retail | – | – | – | 0.96 (0.52–1.80) | NI | NI |
| Cucumberc Retail | – | – | – | 1.08 (0.61–1.89) | NI | NI |
| Classic Tobaccoc Retail | – | – | – | 1.25 (0.47–3.35) | NI | NI |
| Mentholc Retail | – | – | – | 0.55 (0.28–1.06) | NI | NI |
| Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primaryc Retail | – | – | – | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) | NI | NI |
| Interaction term: JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 3 months)c place of first JUUL purchase | ||||||
| Only JUUL tobacco flavorsc Retail | – | – | – | NI | – | Ref. |
| Only JUUL characterizing flavorsc Retail | – | – | – | NI | – | 0.92 (0.61–1.37) |
| Both flavor categories and tobaccoc Retail | – | – | – | NI | – | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) |
Model 1: N = 6968, χ2 = 836.329, df = 49, p < 0.001
Model 2: N = 6979, χ2 = 823.798, df = 43, p < 0.001
P30A past 30-day abstinence from smoking at the 3-month assessment, SK JUUL starter kit (JUUL vaporizer plus four disposable pods), 3 M 3-month assessment, aOR adjusted odds ratio, HS high school, CPD cigarettes smoked per day, PI Pacific Islander, NI not included in the logistic regression model
Unadjusted ORs were estimated using only the relevant variable as the predictor variable
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.010; *p < 0.050
aIncludes Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Guamanian, Chamorro, and Samoan
bIncludes Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican and “other Hispanic” ethnicity
cJUUL tobacco flavors include “Virginia Tobacco” and “Classic Tobacco”
dJUUL characterizing flavors include “Mint,” “Mango,” “Crème,” “Fruit,” “Cucumber,” and “Menthol”