Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2018 Dec 28;119:87–98. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.024

Table 5.

Differences in Annual Medical Care Costs between Less Favorable CVH and All Favorable (N = 158,306)

Quantiles Regressions GLM
Q25 Q50 Q75 Q90 Q95
Total Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 416 1,548 4,844 16,962 35,084 6,903
                     
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High 89*** 207*** 368 1,266 4,001*** 1,157***
(30) (66) (189) (809) (1,334) (440)
                         
1 High 82*** 282*** 892*** 4,438*** 10,219*** 2,429***
(28) (64) (187) (839) (1,226) (425)
                         
2 + High 164*** 640*** 3,019*** 13,087*** 21,572*** 4,628***
(30) (72) (240) (989) (1,403) (428)
                         
CVD-related Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 0 0 0 380 1,116 616
                     
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High − − 1 34 27 743***
(2) (17) (52) (197)
                         
1 High − − 7*** 145*** 424*** 1,140***
(2) (32) (98) (190)
                         
2 + High − − 175*** 1,058*** 7,319*** 1,758***
(13) (78) (633) (186)
                     
Non-CVD-related Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 391 1,448 4,464 14,810 31,784 6,287
                     
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High 83*** 188*** 274 512 3,136** 665
(26) (62) (168) (671) (1,268) (371)
                         
1 High 67*** 226*** 636*** 2,825*** 7,260*** 1,507***
(25) (59) (164) (692) (1,324) (359)
                         
2 + High 121*** 479*** 1,886*** 8,239*** 15,677*** 3,013***
(26) (64) (200) (827) (1,435) (363)
                         
Acute Inpatient Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 0 0 0 6,386 17,137 2,601
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High − − − 322 2,146** 716***
(305) (956) (268)
1 High − − − 2,467*** 6,152*** 1,496***
(438) (983) (258)
2 + High − − − 7,676*** 13,254*** 2,673***
(493) (1,053) (257)
                         
Post-acute Inpatient Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 0 0 0 0 0 454
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High − − − − 9 217***
(6) (69)
1 High − − − − 11 313***
(6) (66)
2 + High − − − − 21*** 494***
(7) (66)
                         
Ambulatory Care Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 405 1,464 3,943 7,746 11,766 3,343
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High 83*** 171*** 242 593 882** 201
(28) (61) (142) (311) (379) (160)
1 High 70*** 200*** 399*** 1,182*** 1,704*** 419***
(27) (58) (137) (309) (385) (156)
2 + High 137*** 452*** 1,070*** 2,502*** 3,511*** 921***
(28) (63) (145) (413) (157)
                         
Home Health Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 0 0 0 0 144 317
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1 Elevated, None High − − − 4** 21 99**
(1) (12) (50)
1 High − − − 5*** 37*** 200***
(1) (13) (50)
2 + High − − − 12*** 1,310*** 356***
(2) (173) (47)
                         
Other Costs
All Favorable (ref., $) 0 0 0 85 282 187
Marginal effect from ref.; Mean [SE]
1+ Elevated, None High − − − 8*** 26*** 62
(2) (7) (48)
1 High − − − 15*** 82*** 136***
(2) (18) (45)
2 + High − − − 116*** 415*** 175***
(18) (50) (44)

Notes: Coefficients (cluster-robust standard errors in parenthesis) are obtained from quantile regressions. Each column by outcome is one regression. The sample size for each regression is 158,306. All regressions also control for age at follow-up, state of residence, year, baseline age, race, sex, baseline education, and whether the participant died during the year.

**

p<0.05

***

p<0.01s