Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of 342 patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis who were free of ACLF at enrollment, divided into two groups according to the development or the absence of development of ACLF during 28 days of follow-up.
| Characteristic | Without ACLF development (N = 285) | With ACLF development (N = 57) | P–value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age— year | 56.7 ± 11.63 | 58.5 ± 11.00 | 0.2847 |
| Male gender — no./total no. (%) | 191/285 (67.0) | 36/57 (63.2) | 0.5734 |
| Mean arterial pressure — mm Hg | 83.8 ± 11.84 | 84.2 ± 10.46 | 0.8259 |
| PRECIPITATING EVENTS — NO./TOTAL NO. (%) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | 33/265 (12.5) | 7/50 (14.0) | 0.7631 |
| Mortality 90 days | 29/285 (10.2) | 26/57 (45.6) | < 0.0001 |
| ETIOLOGY OF CIRRHOSIS — NO./TOTAL NO. (%) | |||
| Alcoholic | 128/269 (47.6) | 29/52 (55.8) | 0.2797 |
| HCV | 66/269 (24.5) | 12/52 (23.1) | 0.8224 |
| Alcohol + HCV | 26/269 (9.7) | 3/52 (5.8) | 0.5957 |
| Others | 49/269 (18.2) | 8/52 (15.4) | 0.6248 |
| MEDIAN VALUES FOR LABORATORY VARIABLES (IQR) | |||
| Serum albumin—g/dl | 2.9 (2.60–3.30) | 2.7 (2.19–3.01) | 0.0049 |
| Serum bilirubin—mg/d | 3.0 (1.60–6.70) | 4.4 (1.69–9.06) | 0.0963 |
| Serum creatinine—mg/dl | 0.9 (0.70–1.32) | 1.1 (0.80–1.40) | 0.1285 |
| C-reactive protein—mg/L | 16.2 (6.00–39.60) | 25.8 (10.00–45.60) | 0.0887 |
| International Normalized Ratio | 1.5 (1.27–1.70) | 1.7 (1.42–1.94) | 0.0004 |
| Platelets—x109/L | 87.0 (57.00–139.00) | 94.5 (57.50–119.50) | 0.9581 |
| White-cell count—x109/L | 6.1 (4.08–9.03) | 7.3 (5.04–10.53) | 0.0146 |
| MEDIAN VALUES FOR INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS (IQR) | |||
| TNF-α—pg/ml | 19.5 (14.14–27.37) | 26.7 (17.69–36.52) | < 0.001 |
| IL-6—pg/ml | 21.2 (11.27–41.32) | 34.3 (19.85–105.54) | < 0.001 |
| IL-8—(pg/ml) | 37.3 (20.45–76.41) | 58.7 (40.89–108.34) | < 0.001 |
| MCP-1—pg/ml | 318.0 (228.03–436.02) | 360.0 (276.53–586.47) | 0.013 |
| IP-10—pg/ml | 965.2 (557.62–1676.00) | 1272.0 (760.31–2150.00) | 0.053 |
| MIP-1ß—pg/ml | 20.1 (13.14–33.55) | 36.9 (23.88–56.10) | < 0.001 |
| G-CSF—pg/ml | 22.6 (11.19–49.93) | 31.0 (15.86–69.19) | 0.048 |
| GM-CSF—pg/ml | 4.7 (1.96–9.48) | 10.7 (3.76–20.05) | < 0.001 |
| IL-10—pg/ml | 3.4 (1.12–9.15) | 8.0 (2.45–26.42) | 0.002 |
| IL1-ra—pg/ml | 9.9 (4.72–22.47) | 24.0 (12.81–62.11) | < 0.001 |
| IFNγ—pg/ml | 5.5 (2.00–18.11) | 9.2 (3.20–31.34) | 0.013 |
| Eotaxin—pg/ml | 110.4 (80.76–155.42) | 135.8 (94.97–186.19) | 0.008 |
| IL-17A—pg/ml | 3.7 (1.57–10.25) | 3.4 (1.98–24.37) | 0.214 |
| IL-7—pg/ml | 2.6 (0.99–8.50) | 5.1 (1.88–14.52) | 0.032 |
| HNA2—% | 4.5 (2.50–8.82) | 8.1 (4.89–9.95) | < 0.001 |
Patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis were classified as being free of ACLF or having ACLF according to the EASL-CLIF Consortium criteria (1, 14). Data are shown as means ± SD or median (range). P-values were calculated by unpaired Students' t-test or Man-Whitney U-test where appropriate.
HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, interquartile range; TNF, umor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; IP-10, 10 kDa interferon gamma-induced protein; MIP-1ß, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; IFN, interferon; HNA2, human non-mercaptalbumin 2.