Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Active (N = 130) | Placebo (N = 130) | Overall (N = 260) | P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and behavioral | ||||
| Age, yb | 67.8 (65.1-71.5) | 69.0 (65.4-73.4) | 68.2 (65.4-72.5) | 0.251 |
| BMI, kg/m2b | 30.1 (26.4-34.6) | 29.9 (26.8-33.9) | 30.0 (26.5-34.1) | 0.923 |
| Calcium intake, mgb | 842.0 (600-1142) | 826.5 (628.0-1185) | 828.0 (614.0-1164) | 0.857 |
| Physical performance and activity | ||||
| SPPB Balance Scoreb | 4 (4-4) | 4 (4-4) | 4 (4-4) | 0.948 |
| SPPB Gait Speed Scoreb | 4 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 0.312 |
| SPPB 5 Chair Stand Scoreb | 4 (3-4) | 3 (2-4) | 4 (3-4) | 0.002 |
| SPPB total scoreb | 12 (10-12) | 11 (10-12) | 11 (10-12) | 0.009 |
| 10 Chair stand time, sb | 23.0 (18.6-27.7) | 24.2 (19.4-28.5) | 23.5 (19.1-28.2) | 0.191 |
| Grip strength, lb/in2 | 64.7 ± 13.4 | 61.9 ± 13.9 | 63.3 ± 13.7 | 0.100 |
| Caloric expenditure, kcal/wkb | 3637 (2352-5166) | 3092 (1912-4908) | 3392 (2064-4963) | 0.202 |
| 6MWT, mb | 407.0 (357.0-453.0) | 387.0 (324.0-432.0) | 396.0 (347.0-444.0) | 0.015 |
| Bone density | ||||
| Hip total BMD, g/cm2 | 0.919 ± 0.130 | 0.935 ± 0.134 | 0.927 ± 0.132 | 0.329 |
| T-score total femur | −0.185 ± 1.065 | −0.054 ± 1.096 | −0.120 ± 1.080 | 0.329 |
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2b | 0.767 (0.694-0.9) | 0.805 (0.718-0.9) | 0.785 (0.707-0.9) | 0.109 |
| Wrist 1/3 BMD, g/cm2 | 0.689 ± 0.067 | 0.692 ± 0.075 | 0.691 ± 0.071 | 0.684 |
| Spine BMD, g/cm2 | 1.005 ± 0.162 | 1.023 ± 0.171 | 1.014 ± 0.167 | 0.396 |
| Whole body total BMD, g/cm2b | 1.127 (1.076-1.2) | 1.156 (1.070-1.2) | 1.138 (1.070-1.2) | 0.222 |
| Whole body muscle mass, gb | 44,885 (40,629-50,305) | 44,129 (40,412-49,323) | 44,549 (40,546-49,560) | 0.502 |
| Appendicular muscle mass/height2, kg/m2b | 7.8 (7.1-8.5) | 7.7 (7.2-8.4) | 7.8 (7.1-8.5) | 0.696 |
| Total body fat, % | 40.4 ± 5.0 | 41.3 ± 5.0 | 40.8 ± 5.0 | 0.151 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| Free 25(OH)D, pg/mL | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.565 |
| 25(OH)D3, ng/mL | 21.5 ± 6.5 | 22.2 ± 6.9 | 21.8 ± 6.7 | 0.352 |
| 1,25(OH)2D3, pg/mL | 52.4 ± 13.7 | 52.6 ± 15.4 | 52.5 ± 14.6 | 0.926 |
| 24,25(OH)2D3, ng/mL | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.107 |
| PTH, pg/mLb | 56.1 (41.0-73.6) | 56.4 (39.5-73.8) | 56.2 (39.8-73.8) | 0.977 |
| Serum Ca, mg/dLb | 9.5 (9.3-9.8) | 9.5 (9.3-9.8) | 9.5 (9.3-9.8) | 0.943 |
| Serum Cr, mg/dLv | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | 0.8 (0.6-0.9) | 0.472 |
| Serum P, mg/dLb | 3.5 (3.2-3.8) | 3.5 (3.2-3.8) | 3.5 (3.2-3.8) | 0.732 |
Normally distributed variables were presented as mean ± SD; not normally distributed variables presented as median (IQR).
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index.
a
For continuous data, P values are from Wilcoxon rank-sum test for nonnormally distributed variables and two independent samples t test for normally distributed variables. For categorical variables, P values are from Fisher exact test.
b
Not normally distributed.