Table 2. Comparison of patients with different NYHA classes.
| Parameter | NYHA 1 (N = 143) |
NYHA 2 (N = 657) |
NYHA 3–4 (N = 288) |
P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex–male | 123 (86.0%) | 530 (80.7%) | 227 (78.8%) | 0.192 |
| Age | 62 ± 12; 64 (37; 79) |
65 ± 12; 66 (40; 83) |
63 ± 12; 64 (43; 81) |
0.005 |
| BMI | 28 ± 4; 28 (23; 37) |
29 ± 5; 29 (22; 38) |
29 ± 5; 28 (21; 40) |
0.093 |
| Aetiology | ||||
| IHD | 70 (49.0%) | 343 (52.2%) | 139 (48.3%) | 0.480 |
| DCM | 59 (41.3%) | 273 (41.6%) | 128 (44.4%) | 0.679 |
| Other | 16 (11.2%) | 45 (6.8%) | 22 (7.6%) | 0.210 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133 ± 19; 130 (105; 170) |
129 ± 17; 128 (102; 160) |
126 ± 18; 125 (99; 158) |
< 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82 ± 12; 80 (65; 100) |
80 ± 10; 80 (61; 97) |
79 ± 11; 80 (60; 98) |
0.005 |
| Heart rate (min-1) | 70 ± 13; 68 (53; 90) |
73 ± 13; 72 (55; 96) |
76 ± 12; 75 (60; 100) |
< 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 36 ± 8; 38 (23; 47) |
32 ± 8; 30 (19; 45) |
26 ± 8; 25 (15; 42) |
< 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 35 (24.5%) | 228 (34.7%) | 116 (40.3%) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (19.6%) | 271 (41.2%) | 123 (42.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/l) | 147 ± 15; 148 (123; 167) |
142 ± 15; 144 (114; 165) |
138 ± 17; 138 (109; 163) |
< 0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 95 ± 25; 91 (66; 134) |
107 ± 59; 95 (65; 186) |
109 ± 54; 99 (63; 176) |
0.003 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 506 ± 920; 152 (13; 2 599) |
1 232 ± 2 468; 503 (32; 4 251) |
2 134 ± 3 714; 1 122 (62; 6 511) |
< 0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 136 (95.1%) | 585 (89.0%) | 240 (83.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 130 (90.9%) | 623 (94.8%) | 267 (92.7%) | 0.134 |
| MRA (Verospiron) | 66 (46.2%) | 426 (64.8%) | 223 (77.4%) | < 0.001 |
| 2-year combined endpoint | 7 (4.9%) | 75 (11.4%) | 80 (27.8%) | < 0.001 |
Continuous variables are described by mean ± SD and median (5th percentile; 95th percentile); categorical variables are characterised by absolute and relative frequencies.
1 P-value of the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and P-value of the Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables are reported for the comparison of patients with different NYHA classes.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure.