Table 1.

Distinct teaching points about hydralazine-induced ANCA associated vasculitis.

Distinct teaching points
• Hydralazine-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis is associated with multiple autoantibodies: ANA,  ANCA, anti-histone, high-titer anti-MPO antibodies and occasionally anti-dsDNA antibodies.
• Examination of urine sediment is essential to establishing the etiology of acute kidney injury, even  in the setting of nephrotoxic agents or hypoperfusion.
• Rituximab can be an effective therapy for hydralazine-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis  including life-threatening disease.
• ECMO can be an effective therapy for respiratory failure due to hydralazine-induced ANCAassociated  vasculitis until the benefits of immunosuppression manifest.
• A clinical benefit of Rituximab may take up to 3 weeks to become apparent in ANCA-associated  vasculitis.