AOPPs activates p-ERK/SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in ADR nephropathy. (A) Western blotting shows SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein expression in three groups as indicated. Numbers (1–3) represent different animals in a given group. (B, C) Quantitative graphs of SDF-1α (B) and CXCR4 (C) expressions in different groups. *p < 0.05 versus normal controls; †p < 0.05 versus ADR alone (n = 5–6). (D) Representative images show CXCR4 and p-ERK expressions in podocytes in different groups as indicated. Scale bar, 20 μm. (E) Western blotting shows p-ERK and p-p65 protein expression in three groups as indicated. Numbers (1–3) represent different animals in a given group. (F, G) Quantitative graphs of p-ERK (F) and p-p65 (G) expressions in different groups. *p < 0.05 versus normal controls; †p < 0.05 versus ADR alone (n = 5 to 6). All full unedited gels for Figure 7 are presented in Supplementary Figure S11. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p-p65, phosphorylated NF-κB subunit p65; SDF-1α, stromal cell-derived factor 1α.