Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Evolution and topology of the three-dimensional vortical structures (q-value = 30) for B3 (WO/D = 0.5) with different PIs (B3L and B3H). Two left columns correspond for PI = 0.57 (An = 0.57), and two right columns correspond for PI = 1.43 (An = 1.43) during different time instants in a cycle. The red dot shows the time instant on the flow curve for (a)-(f). R2, PT, and CL depict a vortex ring, particle trapping, and cavity like structures, respectively.
