TABLE 3.
The association between total vitamin D concentration in midpregnancy and dental age (N = 3,538)1
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vitamin D | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value |
| Total vitamin D nmol/L (continuous-SDS increase) | −0.04 | −0.07, −0.01 | 0.016* | −0.04 | −0.07, −0.00 | 0.029* | −0.04 | −0.08, −0.01 | 0.017* |
| Total vitamin D nmol/L (clinical cut-offs) | |||||||||
| Optimal (≥75.0 nmol/L; ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sufficient (50.0–74.9 nmol/L) | 0.02 | −0.05, 0.10 | 0.566 | 0.02 | −0.06, 0.10 | 0.625 | 0.04 | −0.04, 0.12 | 0.274 |
| Deficient (25.0–49.9 nmol/L) | 0.03 | −0.05, 0.10 | 0.528 | 0.02 | −0.06, 0.10 | 0.632 | 0.04 | −0.04, 0.12 | 0.343 |
| Severely deficient (<25.0 nmol/L) | 0.14 | 0.04, 0.24 | 0.007* | 0.13 | 0.03, 0.23 | 0.013* | 0.14 | 0.03, 0.24 | 0.012* |
1
Model 1: adjusted for season at gestational blood sampling, maternal age, BMI at intake, ethnicity, education, alcohol consumption, folic acid use, vitamin supplementation, calcium intake, phosphorus intake, age of child, hypodontia, and child BMI and height; Model 2: additionally adjusted for child vitamin D status; Model 3: additionally adjusted for head BMD of child. *Significant P value. BMD, bone mineral density; ref, reference; SDS, standard deviation score.