TABLE 4.
The association between total vitamin D concentration at birth and dental age (N = 2,459)1
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vitamin D | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value |
| Total vitamin D nmol/L (continuous-SDS increase) | −0.05 | −0.09, −0.02 | 0.006* | −0.05 | −0.09, −0.01 | 0.028* | −0.06 | −0.10, −0.02 | 0.008* |
| Total vitamin D nmol/L (tertiles) | |||||||||
| Sufficient-optimal (≥50.0 nmol/L; ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Deficient (25.0–49.9 nmol/L) | 0.11 | 0.03, 0.20 | 0.012* | 0.10 | 0.01, 0.19 | 0.029* | 0.11 | 0.01, 0.20 | 0.028* |
| Severely deficient (<25.0 nmol/L) | 0.10 | −0.00, 0.20 | 0.055 | 0.08 | −0.03, 0.18 | 0.149 | 0.08 | −0.03, 0.19 | 0.134 |
1
Model 1: adjusted for season of birth, maternal age, BMI at intake, ethnicity, education, alcohol consumption, folic acid use, vitamin supplementation, calcium intake, phosphorus intake, age of child, hypodontia, and child BMI and height; Model 2: additionally adjusted for child vitamin D concentration; Model 3: additionally adjusted for head BMD of child. *Significant P value. BMD, bone mineral density; ref, reference; SDS, standard deviation score.