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. 2018 Jan 10;38(1):BSR20171148. doi: 10.1042/BSR20171148

Figure 4. Cell localization of main thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes and its participation in metabolic pathways of eukaryotic cells.

Figure 4

Shortcuts on a black background indicating the mine enzymes: AHAS, acetohydroxyacid synthase; BCOADH, branched chain 2-oxoacids dehydrogenase (E1 component of branched chain 2-oxoacids dehydrogenase complex); DXPS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; OGDH, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1 component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex); PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex); TK, transketolase.

Gray asterisk – metabolites directly associated with thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent pathways.

Thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes play a role in photosynthesis in chloroplasts (TK, DXPS), pentose phosphate pathway (TK), and alcoholic fermentation (PDC) in cytoplasm as well as in ATP synthesis by participation in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (PDH) and Krebs cycle (OGDH) in mitochondria. These enzymes are also involved in branched amino acid synthesis (AHAS) and catabolism (BCOADH). Pentose phosphate pathway supplies NADPH which is necessary for anabolic processes and reduction of natural antioxidants. Moreover, it provides pentose necessary for nucleotide synthesis.