Figure 5. Myocardial oxidative stress and metabolic signaling in advanced iron-overload cardiomyopathy.

(A) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for 4-HNE. (B) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for NT. (C) Quantitations of 4-HNE and NT stainings (n=4 hearts; two sections per heart). (D) Levels of myocardial lipid peroxidation product, MDA. (E) Levels of GSH and GSSG, as well as GSH/GSSG ratio. (F) Western blot analysis and quantitation of p-Ser⁴⁷³ Akt and p-Thr³⁰⁸ Akt phosphorylation ratios. (G) Western blot analysis and quantitation of p-Thr¹⁷²-AMPK phosphorylation ratio. n=8 for biochemical analysis (D,E); n=6 for Western blot analysis (F,G). *P<0.05 compared with the control group; ^#P<0.05 compared with the iron group. Abbreviations: Ctl, HJV control; Fe, iron diet; Fe + R, iron diet + resveratrol; R.R., relative ratio; R.U., relative unit.