Table 2.

Contingency table showing the number of bees that self-groomed intensively or that self-groomed lightly, and the proportion of bees that self-groomed intensively within 3 min after placing 20 mg of flour on their thoraces that had previously been treated with clothianidin (0 ng/µl, 9 × 10⁻⁴ ng/µl, 4.2 × 10⁻³ ng/µl and 1 × 10⁻² ng/µl) and/or V. destructor. The asterisks indicate a significant reduction in the proportion of bees that self-groomed intensively based on Chi² analysis and adjusted residuals and p value of 0.00019.

Treatment	Number of bees that groomed intensively	Number of bees that groomed lightly	Proportion of bees that groomed intensively
0 ng/µl	108	41	0.72
9 × 10−4 ng/µl	69	57	0.55
4.2 × 10−3 ng/µl	77	58	0.57
1 × 10−2 ng/µl	65	103	0.39*
0 ng/µl + V. destructor	59	47	0.56
9 × 10−4 ng/µl + V. destructor	39	35	0.53
4.2 × 10−3 ng/µl + V. destructor	36	52	0.41*
1 × 10−2 ng/µl + V. destructor	21	36	0.37*