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. 2019 Mar 26;9:5132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41546-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HVR and histological confirmation of CB denervation. (A) Mean ± SEM respiratory rate (RR) and (B) mean ± SEM RR normalized to normoxia and expressed as a function of hypoxia time (F_iO₂ of 8%, from 0–100 s) for the animals in the denervation and sham group before and after the surgical procedure. Statistically significant differences per time point of hypoxia exposure were found in post-denervation vs. others (*P < 0.01; **P < 0.001). One-way repeated measurements ANOVA on normoxia-normalized RR values of the denervation group yielded a procedure effect, time effect, and interaction between both (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), whereas the same test in the sham group only found a time effect (P < 0.001). In the sham group a procedure effect and interaction were absent (P = 0.537 and P = 0.811, respectively). (C–E) Hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained histology images (100×, 400×, and 50× magnification, respectively) showing the SCG neuroglia cells (ng), satellite cells (sc), CB, and the carotid arterial bifurcation (CAB). The SCG depicted in panels C and D was obtained from the denervation group, whereas the tissue depicted in panel E was obtained from an animal from the sham group.