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. 2019 Mar 26;9:5156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41480-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Redistribution of vinculin (VIN) in HaCaTs in response to chemical and mechanical stimulation. Mechanical stretch applied to cells transduced via focal adhesion in the sites of integrin which initiates downstream signaling. (a) Representative images for vinculin in response to DNCB and mechanical stretch. Scale bars are 20 μm. (b) VIN length as a function of stretch magnitude. P values were calculated using t-test. * and ** mean P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively. (c) Immunostained images of vinculin and its orientation. Focal adhesion was reoriented along 90° (perpendicual to the stretching direction). Scale bars represent 10 µm. n = 105–119 in (b and c).