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. 2019 Mar 26;10:1256. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09159-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Annual CO₂ reductions by policy in the policy package scenario relative to the BAU reference case scenario. R&D refers to research and development. LDV refers to light-duty vehicle and HDV refers to heavy-duty vehicle. The various colorful segments show how much each policy can reduce CO₂ emission. The results show that no single policy results in the achievement of China’s CO₂ emissions peak by 2026. The top five most effective policies before 2030 are power sector reform, industrial transformation, industrial efficiency, ETS, and LDV efficiency