Table 2.
Laughing gas–induced myelopathy, case studies.
| Reference | Gender, age | Neurologic examination | MRI | Treatment: intramuscular hydroxocobalamin injections |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massey et al4 | Male, 36 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity C1-T11 | 6× 1000 μg/day for 2 weeks, then 1000 μg/week + physiotherapy |
| Hsu et al5 | Male, 19 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity cervical in dorsal and lateral column | 1000 μg/day for 5 days, then 2 months 1000 μg/week |
| Yuan et al6 | Female, 20 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity C1-Th12, inverted V-sign | 1000 μg/day for 3 months |
| Chen et al7 | Female, 20 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity C1-C6 dorsal column | 2000 μg/day first 3 days, then orally |
| Mancke et al8 | Male, 35 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity posterior column, inverted V-sign | 1000 μg/day + methionine for 7 days, then orally 400 μg/day for 6 months |
| Morris et al9 | Male, 22 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | No lesions | 1000 μg for 7 days, afterwards 1000 μg/week orally + multivitamins daily |
| Thompson et al10 (3×) | Male, 22 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | No lesions | IVIG 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days, then 1000 μg/day |
| Male, 27 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | Not conducted | IVIG 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days, then 1000 μg/day | |
| Female, 23 | Posterior funiculus disorder | Not conducted | 1000 μg | |
| Rheinboldt et al11 | Male, 35 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity C2-C3 and C6-C7 | One injection of 1000 μg; supportive care |
| Cheng et al12 | Female, 22 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity dorsal column C2-C4 | 1000 μg/day + physiotherapy |
| Wijesekera et al13 | Female, 19 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity central and dorsal column C2-Th11 | 6× 1000 μg injections, then symptomatic therapy |
| Singer et al14 | Female, 27 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity dorsal cervical column | Monthly 1000μ μg injections for 10 months |
| Butzkueven et al15 | Male, 23 | Posterior funiculus disorder; corticospinal tract disorder | T2 hyperintensity dorsal cervical column | 1000 μg/day and methionine orally 1 g/day for 3 months |
Abbreviations: IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.