Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of factors associated with HCC development after inverse probability weighting
| Characteristics | HCC development |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 1.077 (1.025–1.132) | 0.003 | 1.063 (1.010–1.120) | 0.02 |
| Male | 1.349 (0.382–4.760) | 0.64 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.93 | |||
| <23 (Normal) | 1 [Reference] | |||
| ≥23 to <25 (Overweight) | 1.300 (0.35–4.828) | 0.70 | ||
| ≥25 (Obese) | 1.123 (0.269–4.692) | 0.87 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.004 | 0.03 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Yes | 5.331 (1.686–16.853) | 3.562 (1.117–11.359) | ||
| Hypertension | 0.14 | |||
| No | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Yes | 2.951 (0.700–12.444) | |||
| Number of metabolic risk factors* | 0.98 | |||
| <3 | 1 [Reference] | |||
| ≥3 | 1.022 (0.192–5.433) | |||
| Liver cirrhosis | 0.01 | 0.07 | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Yes | 4.371 (1.373–13.918) | 3.554 (0.911–13.874) | ||
| Histologic steatosis | 0.10 | 0.47 | ||
| < 5% | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| ≥ 5% | 2.620 (0.828–8.297) | 1.709 (0.404–7.228) | ||
| Duration of antiviral treatment | 0.77 | |||
| Never or <5 years | 1 [Reference] | |||
| ≥5 years | 0.838 (0.252–2.784) | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 0.689 (0.303–1.565) | 0.37 | ||
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.953 (0.692–1.311) | 0.77 | ||
| ALP (IU/L) | 0.999 (0.992–1.005) | 0.72 | ||
| AST (IU/L) | 0.995 (0.988–1.003) | 0.25 | ||
| ALT (IU/L) | 0.994 (0.985–1.004) | 0.23 | ||
| GGT (IU/L) | 1.002 (0.999–1.006) | 0.22 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 1.014 (1.000–1.028) | 0.05 | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.001 (0.989–1.013) | 0.92 | ||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.007 (0.959–1.057) | 0.79 | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.997 (0.97–1.025) | 0.83 | ||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 1.002 (0.993–1.01) | 0.69 | ||
| HBeAg (positive) | 0.806 (0.232–2.804) | 0.74 | ||
| HBV DNA | 0.77 | |||
| <6 log10 copies/mL | 1 [Reference] | |||
| ≥6 log10 copies/mL | 0.814 (0.21–3.164) | |||
Data in parentheses are 95% CIs.
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus.
*
Metabolic risk factors included obesity, history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and serum levels of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose.