Myeloid-specific loss of Wnt secretion promotes M1 macrophage phenotype. A: Bone marrow–derived macrophages from Mac-KO mice show significantly higher mRNA expression of Nos2, Il6, Ccl2, and Tnfa (M1 markers) and significantly decreased expression of Mrc and Ym1 (M2 markers) than WT mice, suggesting M1 polarization in Mac-KO mice at baseline without DDC exposure. Data presented as relative expression, fold change. Three mice from each genotype were used. B: Significantly increased expression of M1 marker Nos2 in F4/80-positive macrophages isolated from livers of Mac-KO compared with WT mice fed 14 days of DDC diet. No change in Arg1 expression is observed between the two groups. Data are expressed as relative expression, fold change. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01.