FIG. 12.

Box plots show (a) An, (b) standard deviation of WSS (S), (c) <WSS>, and (d) OSI of all simulations in this study (see Table I for details) categorized by their flow mode, i.e., cavity or vortex. The central mark, the bottom, and top edges of each box indicate the median, the 25th, and 75th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers extend to the most extreme data points which are not considered outliers, and the outliers are plotted individually using the “+” symbol. Dotted-dashed lines indicate averages of An, S, <WSS>, and OSI for each mode in corresponding figures. The flows in the cavity mode have significantly lower An, S, and OSI than those in the vortex mode (p < 0.01), whereas <WSS> does not significantly change between flow modes.