Table 2.
Study characteristics for maternal mortality data
| No. | Author (year) | Duration covered | Data source/type | Definitive data source | Design | Estimation method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Dorrington et al., 2016 [45] | 2008–2013 | Empirical data | Vital registration | Vital registration | Direct estimation |
| 2. | WHO, 2015 [35] | 1990–2015 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Bayesian maternal mortality estimation model |
| 3. | MDG/Stats SA, 2015 [46] | 1998–2013 | Empirical data | Vital registration | Vital registration | Direct estimation |
| 4. | Dorrington et al., 2015 [47] | 2011–2014 | Empirical data | Vital registration | Vital registration | Direct estimation |
| 5. | WHO, 2014 [36] | 1990–2013 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Multilevel-regression model |
| 6. | Kassebaum et al., 2014 [37] | 1990–2013 | Modelling | IHME | Modelling | Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) |
| 7. | Department of Health, 2014 [48] | 2005–2014 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 8. | NCCEMD, 2014 [49] | 2011–2013 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 9. | Udjo, 2014 [38] | 2001–2007 | Modelling | Model A | Modelling | Growth Balance method + Relation Gompertz model |
| 10. | Pattinson et al., 2013 [67] | 1999–2012 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 11. | WHO, 2012 [39] | 1990–2010 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Multilevel-regression model |
| 12. | NCCEMD, 2012 [28] | 2008–2010 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 13. | Garenne, 2011 [65] | 2007 | Modelling | Model B | Population-based survey | Linear logistic model |
| 14. | WHO, 2011 [40] | 1990–2009 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Bayesian maternal mortality estimation model |
| 15. | Lozano et al., 2011 [41] | 1990–2011 | Modelling | IHME | Modelling | Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) |
| 16. | Stats SA, 2011 [50] | 2008–2009 | Empirical data | Vital registration | Vital registration/census | Direct estimation |
| 17. | WHO, 2010 [42] | 1990–2008 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Multilevel-regression model |
| 18. | Hogan et al., 2010 [43] | 1980–2008 | Modelling | IHME | Modelling | Generalised negative binomial regression |
| 19. | NCCEMD, 2008 [51] | 2005–2007 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 20. | Garenne et al., 2008 [52] | 2001 | Census | Census | Census | Direct estimation |
| 21. | Moodley, 2003 [53] | 1999–2001 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 22. | AbouZahr et al., 2001 [44] | 2000 | Modelling | WHO | Modelling | Robust regression |
| 23. | Hill et al., 2001 [66] | 1995 | Modelling | Model C | Modelling | Robust regression |
| 24. | Moodley, 2000 [54] | 1999 | Empirical data | CEMD | Active surveillance | Direct estimation |
| 25. | SADHS, 1998 [55] | 1992–1998 | Empirical data | DHS | Population-based survey | Direct sisterhood |
CEMD Confidential Enquiry to Maternal Deaths, IHME Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, DHS Demographic and Health Survey, WHO World Health Organization