Table II.
Tests of slopes before and after ‘time 0’ for the primary outcome group in unadjusted and adjusted models
| Outcomes | Unadjusted Models | Adjusted Models | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| slopes | p-values | slopes | p-values | |||||||
| before | after | before | after | before vs. after | before | after | before | after | before vs. after | |
| Lipids | ||||||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.63 | 0.20 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.0019 | 0.0336 | ns |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.35 | 0.11 | <.0001 | 0.0110 | 0.0006 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.0383 | ns | ns |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) Females | 0.065 | 0.009 | <.0001 | ns | 0.0279 | 0.05 | 0.004 | 0.0073 | ns | ns |
| Males | 0.010 | 0.024 | ns | ns | ns | 0.02 | 0.006 | ns | ns | ns |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 1.13 | 0.17 | <.0001 | ns | <.0001 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.0015 | ns | 0.0400 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 0.55 | 0.14 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.18 | 0.08 | <.0001 | 0.0110 | ns |
| ApoB in LDL fractions (mg/dL) | 0.24 | 0.05 | <.0001 | ns | <.0001 | 0.03 | 0.002 | ns | ns | ns |
| Cholesterol in LDL fractions (mg/dL) | 0.36 | 0.10 | <.0001 | 0.0115 | 0.0002 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.0037 | ns | ns |
| Ratio of apoB to cholesterol in LDL fractions | −0.0003 | 0.0010 | ns | <.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.0007 | <.0001 | ns |
| NEFA (plasma non-esterified fatty acids, mEq/L) | 0.0014 | −0.0006 | 0.0003 | ns | 0.0045 | −0.0002 | −0.0010 | ns | 0.0201 | ns |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||||||||
| PAI-1 (ng/mL)* | 0.16 | −0.09 | <.0001 | 0.0007 | <.0001 | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.0160 | 0.0146 | 0.0018 |
| hs−CRP (mg/dL)* | 0.0043 | 0.0037 | <.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0258 | 0.0035 | 0.0045 | <.0001 | <.0001 | ns |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L)* | 0.018 | 0.011 | <.0001 | 0.0015 | ns | 0.022 | 0.012 | <.0001 | 0.0007 | 0.0216 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)* | 0.0069 | 0.0059 | 0.0266 | 0.0030 | ns | 0.0083 | 0.0097 | 0.0097 | <.0001 | ns |
Data presented include trends over time (slopes) before and after the start of permanent insulin therapy at ‘time 0’. These data are illustrated in Figures I and II. The three tests are (1) whether there is a significant slope before ‘time 0’, (2) whether there is a significant slope after ‘time 0’, and (3) whether there is a significant difference in slopes before vs. after ‘time 0’. Adjusted models for the lipids were adjusted for HbA1c as a time-varying covariate only. Adjusted models for NEFA and inflammatory markers were adjusted for HbA1c and percent overweight.
P-values were based on tests of log transformed variables to normalize the distribution; slopes were calculated on the original scale.