EXHIBIT 3.
Odds ratios of Latinos’ likelihood of having health insurance coverage and health care access and having used care in California, by selected characteristics, 2007–16
| Characteristic | Health insurance |
MD visits | ED visits | Usual source of care |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAD HEALTH INSURANCE | ||||
| Pre period (ref) | ||||
| Post period | 1.83**** | 0.86** | 1.06 | 1.08 |
| LATINO HERITAGE AND CITIZENSHIP | ||||
| US-born (ref) | ||||
| Foreign-born Mexican Latinos | ||||
| Documented | 0.67** | 1.04 | 0.91 | 0.61*** |
| Undocumented | 0.28**** | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.58**** |
| Foreign-born other Latinos | ||||
| Documented | 0.61*** | 1.27 | 1.23 | 0.67** |
| Undocumented | 0.28**** | 1.03 | 1.08 | 0.58** |
| HEALTH INSURANCE TYPE | ||||
| Private (ref) | ||||
| Public | —a | 0.35 | 1.59**** | 0.67**** |
| No insurance | —a | 0.25 | 0.74** | 0.27**** |
| INCOME (PERCENT OF POVERTY) | ||||
| 0–138% (ref) | ||||
| 139–250% | 0.92 | 1.14* | 0.94 | 1.22*** |
| 251 –400% | 1.49**** | 1.20 | 0.95 | 1.21** |
| More than 400% | 2.66**** | 1.46**** | 0.99 | 1.48**** |
| ENGLISH USE AND PROFICIENCY | ||||
| Speak very well/well (ref) | ||||
| Speak not well/not at all | 0.64**** | 0.84 | 0.69**** | 0.68**** |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data for 2007–1 6 from the California Health Interview Survey. NOTES The exhibit shows the results of a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Covariates were adjusted for in each category; a full list of covariates and confidence intervals is in the online appendix (see note 28 in text). The pre (2007–13) and post (2014–16) periods refer to before and after implementation of the main provisions of the Affordable Care Act. MD is physician. ED is emergency department. Documented is foreign-born US citizen or legal permanent resident.
Not applicable.
p < 0.10
p < 0. 05
p < 0. 01
p < 0. 001